True. A health reimbursement arrangement (HRA) must be established by an employer in order to provide tax-free reimbursement for employees' medical expenses.
An HRA is a type of health benefit plan that allows employers to reimburse employees for out-of-pocket medical expenses, such as deductibles, copays, and coinsurance. In order to establish an HRA, the employer must set up a formal plan document that outlines the terms and conditions of the arrangement, including the types of expenses that are eligible for reimbursement, the maximum amount of reimbursement available, and the rules for employee participation. Once the plan is established, employees can submit claims for reimbursement, and the employer can use the HRA funds to pay for qualified medical expenses. HRA funds are generally tax-free for employees and tax-deductible for employers.
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All-Star, Inc. produced 1,000 units of the company's product in 2018. The standard quantity of direct materials was three yards of cloth per unit at a standard cost of $1.05 per yard. The accounting records showed that 2,700 yards of cloth were used and the company paid $1.10 per yard. Standard time was two direct labor hours per unit at a standard rate of $11.50 per direct labor hour. Employees worked 1,600 hours and were paid $11.00 per hour. Read the requirements. - X Requirements Requirement 1. What are the benefits of setting cost standards? 1. What are the benefits of setting cost standards? Standard costing helps managers do the following: 2. Calculate the direct materials cost variance and the direct materials efficiency variance as well as the direct labor cost and efficiency variances. Identify performance standards Prepare the master budget Set target levels of performance for flexible budgets Set sales prices of products and services Print Done Decrease accounting costs Requirement 2. Calculate the direct materials cost variance and the direct materials efficiency variance as well as the direct labor cost and efficiency variances. Begin with the cost variances. Select the required formulas, compute the cost variances for direct materials and direct labor, and identify whether each variance is favorable (F) or unfavorable (U). (Abbreviations used: AC = actual cost; AQ = actual quantity; FOH = fixed overhead; SC = standard cost; SQ standard quantity.) Formula Variance Direct materials cost variance = (AC-SC) × AQ Direct labor cost variance = (AC-SC) × AQ U U
The direct accoutrements bring friction is$ 135( inimical) and the direct accoutrements effectiveness friction is$ 315( inimical).
Demand 2 To calculate the direct accoutrements cost friction and the direct accoutrements effectiveness friction, we can use the following formulas
Direct accoutrements bring friction = ( factual Cost-Standard Cost) × factual volume
Direct accoutrements effectiveness friction = ( factual volume-Standard volume) × Standard Cost
Given information
factual volume( AQ) = 2,700 yards
Standard volume( SQ) = 1,000 units × 3 yards = 3,000 yards
Standard Cost( SC) = $1.05 per yard
factual Cost( AC) = $1.10 per yard
Calculating the dissonances
Direct accoutrements bring friction = ( AC- SC) × AQ
= ($1.10-$1.05) × 2,700
= $0.05 × 2,700
= $ 135( inimical)
Direct accoutrements effectiveness friction = ( AQ- SQ) × SC
= ( 2,700- 3,000) ×$1.05
= -300 ×$1.05
= -$ 315( inimical)
The direct accoutrements bring friction is$ 135( inimical) and the direct accoutrements effectiveness friction is$ 315( inimical). These dissonances indicate that the factual cost of accoutrements exceeded the standard cost and that further accoutrements were used than anticipated.
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BigCo, Inc., issues a collateral trust bond. Which of the following statements about this bond is true?
A) This is a secured bond backed by rolling stock owned by the issuer.
B) This is a secured bond backed by marketable securities owned by the issuer.
C) This is a secured bond backed by real estate owned by the issuer.
D) This is an unsecured bond backed by marketable securities owned by a third party.
The correct answer is A) This is a secured bond backed by rolling stock owned by the issuer. A collateral trust bond is a type of secured bond where the issuer pledges assets as collateral to secure the bond.
In this case, the issuer, BigCo, Inc., is backing the bond with rolling stock that they own. Rolling stock refers to the assets of a transportation company, such as trains or trucks. This means that if BigCo, Inc. defaults on the bond, the bondholders have a claim on the rolling stock that was pledged as collateral. This provides some protection for the bondholders in the event of default. It is important for investors to understand the nature of the collateral backing a bond before investing, as it can impact the risk and potential return of the investment.
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Which of the following items is included as part of comprehensive income but is not included as part of net income? Multiple Choice a. Gains and losses from sales of property, plant and equipment b. Foreign currency translation gains and losses. c. Income taxes and payroll taxes. d. Gains and losses from discontinued operations.
I'd be happy to help you with your question. The correct answer is:
b. Foreign currency translation gains and losses.
Comprehensive income includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Net income, on the other hand, only includes revenues, expenses, gains, and losses that are recognized in the income statement. While both comprehensive income and net income capture many similar items, foreign currency translation gains and losses are included in comprehensive income but not in net income. These gains and losses occur due to fluctuations in exchange rates and the translation of foreign currency financial statements into the reporting currency.
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The item included as part of comprehensive income but not included in net income is- b. foreign currency translation gains and losses.
What does it have?Comprehensive income includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.
Foreign currency translation gains and losses arise from translating the financial statements of a foreign entity into the reporting currency of the parent company.
These gains and losses are included in comprehensive income as they represent a change in equity, but they are not included in net income as they do not result from the company's primary operations.
The other options listed - gains and losses from sales of property, plant and equipment, income taxes and payroll taxes, and gains and losses from discontinued operations - are all included in net income.
Hence, option b. is correct.
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P12-3 (Supplement A) Preparing a Statement of Cash Flows (Direct Method)
Sharp Screen Films, Inc., is developing its annual financial statements at December 31, 2015. The statements are complete except for the statement of cash flows. The completed comparative balance sheets and income statement are summarized as follows:
2015 2014
Balance sheet at December 31 Cash $ 68,850 $ 64,500 Accounts receivable 16,250 23,350 Merchandise inventory 23,350 18,600 Property and equipment 210,550 151,400 Less: Accumulated depreciation (60,400) (46,250) $ 258,600 $ 211,600 Accounts payable $ 10,300 $ 20,400 Wages payable 5,300 1,800 Note payable, long-term 61,600 72,500 Contributed capital 100,300 66,400 Retained earnings 81,100 50,500 $ 258,600 $ 211,600 Income statement for 2015 Sales $ 200,000 Cost of goods sold 97,000 Depreciation expense 14,150 Other expenses 43,500 Net income $ 45,350 Additional Data:
a. Bought equipment for cash, $59,150.
b. Paid $10,900 on the long-term note payable.
c. Issued new shares of stock for $33,900 cash.
d. Dividends of $14,750 were declared and paid.
e. Other expenses all relate to wages.
f. Accounts payable includes only inventory purchases made on credit.
Required:
1. Prepare the statement of cash flows using the direct method for the year ended December 31, 2015.(List cash outflows as negative amounts.)
The statement of cash flows shows that Sharp Screen Films, Inc. had a net increase in cash of $108,100 for the year ended December 31, 2015. The ending cash balance is $172,600.
Operating Activities:
Cash received from customers (Sales): $200,000
Cash paid for wages (Other expenses): ($43,500 - Increase in Wages Payable)
Change in Wages Payable: $5,300 - $1,800 = $3,500
Cash paid for wages (Other expenses): $43,500 - $3,500 = $40,000
Net cash provided by operating activities: [Cash received from customers - Cash paid for wages] = $200,000 - $40,000 = $160,000
Investing Activities:
Cash paid to purchase equipment: ($59,150)
Net cash used in investing activities: ($59,150)
Financing Activities:
Cash paid on long-term note payable: ($10,900)
Cash received from issuance of stock: $33,900
Cash paid for dividends: ($14,750)
Net cash provided by financing activities: ($10,900 + $33,900 - $14,750) = $8,250
Net increase in cash: [$160,000 (Operating) - $59,150 (Investing) + $8,250 (Financing)] = $108,100
Cash at beginning of the year: $64,500
Cash at end of the year: $64,500 + $108,100 = $172,600
The statement of cash flows shows that Sharp Screen Films, Inc. had a net increase in cash of $108,100 for the year ended December 31, 2015. The ending cash balance is $172,600.
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for a company, considering entry into a new product/service market, its chances to maximize revenues and profits will be greater if a. market penetration for the product is low b. the product market is at its growth stage c. most people buy the product for the first time d. all of the above
A company's chances of maximizing revenues and profits will be greater if all of the following conditions are met: market penetration for the product is low, the product market is at its growth stage, and most people buy the product for the first time.
Option d, "all of the above," is the correct option. When a company enters a new product/service market, it has a higher potential to maximize revenues and profits if market penetration for the product is low, indicating untapped market potential. This allows the company to capture a larger share of the market as it grows. Additionally, being in the growth stage of the product market is advantageous because it signifies increasing demand and expanding customer base. The company can take advantage of this growth to establish a strong presence and gain market share before competition intensifies.
Moreover, if most people are buying the product for the first time, it implies a large target market of potential customers who have not yet established brand loyalty or existing preferences. This presents an opportunity for the company to attract new customers, create brand recognition, and potentially secure long-term customer relationships. By meeting all of these conditions, the company can position itself favorably in a new product/service market, increasing its chances to maximize revenues and profits by capitalizing on market growth, low market penetration, and a large pool of potential customers.
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The cancellation provision in a businessowners policy specifies all of the following EXCEPT A. The method of refund of unearned premiums. B. The insured’s cancellation requirements. C. The insurance company's cancellation requirements. D. The method of transferring the owner's rights.
The cancellation provision in a business owners policy is a critical component that outlines the terms and conditions under which the policy may be terminated by either party. option d is correct.
The provision specifies the circumstances under which the policy can be canceled, the notice period required, and the procedures for issuing refunds of unearned premiums. However, it does not detail the method of transferring the owner's rights. In this case, the policyholder may transfer the policy to another party by either selling or gifting it to them, but this information is not included in the cancellation provision. It is essential to understand the cancellation provision and the details surrounding it to ensure that both the policyholder and insurance company are protected in the event of policy cancellation. It is always recommended to review and understand the terms and conditions of any insurance policy before purchasing it.
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A firm has an opportunity to invest $110,000 today that will yield $126,600 in one year. If interest rates are 4%, what is the net present value (NPV) of this invest vestment? O A $16,500 B. $18,615 C$12,798 OD. $11,635 F Up
To calculate the net present value (NPV) of the investment, we need to discount the future cash flow back to the present value using the given interest rate.
The formula to calculate NPV is as follows:
NPV = Future Cash Flow / (1 + Interest Rate)^n - Initial Investment
Where:
Future Cash Flow is the amount expected to be received in the future ($126,600 in this case).
Interest Rate is the discount rate (4% or 0.04 in decimal form).
n is the number of periods (1 year in this case).
Initial Investment is the amount invested today ($110,000 in this case).
Let's calculate the NPV using the given information:
NPV = $126,600 / (1 + 0.04)^1 - $110,000
= $126,600 / 1.04 - $110,000
= $121,615.38 - $110,000
= $11,615.38
Therefore, the net present value (NPV) of this investment is $11,615.38.
The correct answer option is D. $11,635.
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. Oster, Inc. 10 pts
Oster Inc. is a start –up company that is ready to launch a new product. Depending upon the success of this product, Oster will have a total enterprise value of either $ 50 million, $ 75 million, or $ 100 million. Each outcome is equally likely (33% probability each). The cost of capital equals 7%.
In the event of a default, 30% of the value of Oster’s assets will be lost in bankruptcy costs.
Oster has zero-coupon debt with a $60 million face value due next year. Calculate the present value of:
i) Oster’s debt
ii) Oster’s equity
i) The present value of Oster's debt is approximately $56.07 million.
ii) The present value of Oster's equity is approximately $24.48 million.
To calculate the present value of Oster's debt and equity, we need to consider the possible outcomes and their probabilities, as well as the cost of capital and the bankruptcy cost.
i) Oster's Debt:
Oster has zero-coupon debt with a face value of $60 million due next year. To calculate the present value of the debt, we need to discount the face value at the cost of capital. Since the cost of capital is given as 7%, we can calculate the present value as follows:
Present Value of Debt = Face Value / (1 + Cost of Capital)
Present Value of Debt = $60 million / (1 + 0.07) ≈ $56.07 million
Therefore, the present value of Oster's debt is approximately $56.07 million.
ii) Oster's Equity:
To calculate the present value of Oster's equity, we need to consider the possible outcomes and their probabilities. Oster will have a total enterprise value of either $50 million, $75 million, or $100 million, with each outcome having an equal probability of 33%.
To determine the equity value in each scenario, we need to subtract the present value of debt (calculated above) and the bankruptcy cost from the respective enterprise values. Given that 30% of the value of Oster's assets will be lost in bankruptcy costs, we can calculate the present value of equity as follows:
Present Value of Equity = Probability * (Enterprise Value - Present Value of Debt - Bankruptcy Cost)
Present Value of Equity = 0.33 * ($50 million - $56.07 million - 0.3 * $50 million) + 0.33 * ($75 million - $56.07 million - 0.3 * $75 million) + 0.33 * ($100 million - $56.07 million - 0.3 * $100 million)
Present Value of Equity ≈ $3.21 million + $8.16 million + $13.11 million ≈ $24.48 million
Therefore, the present value of Oster's equity is approximately $24.48 million.
It's important to note that this calculation assumes a simplified scenario and does not consider factors such as taxes or other financial complexities.
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1) As the administrative purposes of performance management are considered, performance appraisals provide input for:
A) Reinforcing hierarchy, and allowing employees to discuss concerns
B) Developing training needs and recognizing individual strengths and weaknesses
C) Identifying goals and improving communication
D) Promotions, transfers and pay decisions
2) Aamir has convinced his company CEO that 360° evaluation‘s would improve performance of the executives in the company. A disadvantage of this system might be:
A) Feedback from peers can have a positive effect on self development
B) Combining the responses is complex
C) This system involves more people and may lower the instance of bias and prejudice
D) The system is more comprehensive
Hierarchy refers to a system or structure of ranking individuals or groups in an organization based on their authority, responsibility, and power. In a hierarchical structure, individuals are organized into levels or tiers, with each level having varying degrees of decision-making authority and control.
The correct answer is B) Developing training needs and recognizing individual strengths and weaknesses. Performance appraisals provide valuable feedback on employees' performance, which can be used to identify areas for improvement, determine training needs, and recognize individual strengths and weaknesses.The correct answer is B) Combining the responses is complex. While 360° evaluations can provide comprehensive feedback by involving multiple perspectives, one of the disadvantages is the complexity of combining and analyzing the responses. Collecting feedback from various sources and consolidating the data can be challenging and time-consuming.
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XYZ company has 2 million shares outstanding and recently
announced annual earnings of 5,000,000, what is its EPS ?
$0.10
$0.025
$2.5
$0.25
2. A US company agrees to purc
XYZ Company has an earnings per share(EPS) of $2.5, calculated by dividing annual earnings of $5,000,000 by 2 million shares. The correct option is $2.5.EPS. It represents profit per share and helps investors evaluate profitability and compare companies. Higher EPS indicates stronger per-share profitability.
To calculate the earnings per share (EPS) of XYZ Company, we divide the annual earnings by the number of shares outstanding. In this case, XYZ Company has 2 million shares outstanding and annual earnings of $5,000,000.
EPS = Annual Earnings / Number of Shares Outstanding
EPS = $5,000,000 / 2,000,000
EPS = $2.5
Therefore, the EPS of XYZ Company is $2.5.
Earnings per share is an important financial metric that measures the profitability of a company on a per-share basis. It indicates how much profit is generated for each outstanding share of common stock.
EPS is commonly used by investors to assess a company's profitability and compare it with other companies in the same industry.
In this case, an EPS of $2.5 means that for every share of XYZ Company's stock, the company earned $2.5 in profit during the specified period.
It provides an insight into the company's ability to generate earnings and can be used in various financial analyses, such as price-to-earnings (P/E) ratios, to evaluate the company's valuation and investment potential.
Hence, the EPS is $2.5.
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To an insurer, the advantages of reinsurance include all but one
of the following:
Select one:
a. directly increasing p rofits,
b. stabilizing profits,
c. reducing unearned premium reserve requirement
The advantages of reinsurance to an insurer include reducing unearned premium reserve requirement. Reinsurance is a risk management strategy where an insurer transfers a portion of its risk to another insurance company (the reinsurer).
While reinsurance offers several advantages to insurers, one of the advantages it does not provide is reducing the unearned premium reserve requirement. The unearned premium reserve is a liability on an insurer's balance sheet representing the portion of premiums collected for coverage that extends beyond the current accounting period. It serves as a financial safeguard to ensure that the insurer has sufficient funds to cover potential future claims. Reinsurance does not directly reduce the unearned premium reserve requirement. It primarily helps insurers by increasing profitability through the sharing of risks and stabilizing profits by mitigating the impact of large or catastrophic losses. Reinsurance provides insurers with the ability to underwrite larger policies and absorb potential losses, which ultimately helps in maintaining stability and financial security in the insurance industry.
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Your portfolio has provided you with returns of 10.76 percent, 6.2 percent. -0.42 percent, and 14.27 percent over the past four years, respectively. What is the geometric average return for this period? Answer must be in percentage form (e.g. 0.01 is 1%) without the percentage (%) symbol. Answer to two (2) decimals.
The geometric average return for the given period is approximately 0.4037, or 40.37% when expressed as a percentage.
To calculate the geometric average return for the given period, we need to multiply all the individual returns and take the nth root, where n is the number of returns.
First, let's convert the returns into decimal form:
Return 1: 10.76% = 0.1076
Return 2: 6.2% = 0.062
Return 3: -0.42% = -0.0042
Return 4: 14.27% = 0.1427
Now, let's calculate the geometric average return:
Geometric Average Return = (1 + Return 1) * (1 + Return 2) * (1 + Return 3) * (1 + Return 4)^(1/4) - 1
Geometric Average Return = (1 + 0.1076) * (1 + 0.062) * (1 - 0.0042) * (1 + 0.1427)^(1/4) - 1
Geometric Average Return = 1.1076 * 1.062 * 0.9958 * 1.1427^(1/4) - 1
Geometric Average Return ≈ 1.4037 - 1
Geometric Average Return ≈ 0.4037
Therefore, the geometric average return for the given period is approximately 0.4037, or 40.37% when expressed as a percentage.
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a financial document is derived from . A. Company code. B. Document type. C. Posting key. D. Profit center.
A financial document is derived from document type. The document type determines the nature of the financial transaction being recorded and the accounts that will be affected. Each document type has a unique number range assigned to it and is used to differentiate between different types of transactions in the financial system.
The answer of this question is b .
The Company code, Posting key, and Profit center are also important components of a financial document, but they are not the primary driver for deriving a financial document. A financial document is derived from A. Company code, B. Document type, C. Posting key, D. Profit center. A financial document is derived from B. Document type.
In the context of financial accounting, a document type is a classification of financial documents. It helps to differentiate and categorize various financial transactions and determines the account types and number range intervals for posting. Document types help in organizing and managing financial documents systematically, thus playing a crucial role in deriving a financial document.
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A bond is selling at 100% of its par value right now. It has 8% annual coupon rate. You bought this bond ten years ago at 95% of its par value.
If you sold this bond today, what is your realized yield?
If the bond is sold today, the realized yield will be 84.2%.Hence, the correct answer is 84.2%.
A bond is selling at 100% of its par value right now. It has 8% annual coupon rate. You bought this bond ten years ago at 95% of its par value.
Let us assume that the face value (par value) of the bond is $100.Coupon rate = 8%We know that,Price of bond = $100 (selling at 100% of par value)Purchase price of the bond = $95 Number of years the bond is held (time period) = 10 years Semi-annual coupon payment = (Coupon rate / 2) * Face value= (8/2) * $100 = $4 The number of semi-annual periods in 10 years = 10 x 2 = 20 Semi-annual yield = Coupon amount / Purchase price of the bond= $4 / $95 = 0.0421 Realized Yield = Semi-annual Yield x Number of semi-annual periods Realized Yield = 0.0421 x 20= 0.842 or 84.2%.
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In which of the following situations is it most advantageous to be saving? Select one: A. The nominal interest rate is 6 percent and the expected inflation rate is 7 percent. O B. The nominal interest rate is 1 percent and the expected inflation rate is-2 percent. C. The nominal interest rate is 3 percent and the expected inflation rate is 1 percent. D. The nominal interest rate is 0 percent and the expected inflation rate is 4 percent. E. The nominal interest rate is 8 percent and the expected inflation rate is 8 percent.
The most advantageous situation for saving is when the nominal interest rate is higher than the expected inflation rate.
This allows for the potential to earn a positive real return on savings. Among the given options, the situation that satisfies this condition is Option A: The nominal interest rate is 6 percent and the expected inflation rate is 7 percent. Despite the negative interest rate adjusted for inflation, it is still the most advantageous option for saving among the provided choices.
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What is the ROE for firm L?
Firm L
Assets $5,000
Debt $3,000
Interest rate 8%
EBIT $800
Tax 40%
The Return on Equity (ROE) for Firm L is 16.8%. ROE measures the profitability of the company relative to its shareholders' equity.
To calculate the Return on Equity (ROE) for Firm L, we need to understand the components involved and how they relate to each other.
ROE is a financial metric that measures the profitability of a company in relation to its shareholders' equity.
ROE is calculated by dividing net income by shareholders' equity. However, in this case, we need to calculate net income first before calculating the ROE.
Net income can be derived from the company's earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) by subtracting the interest expense and taxes.
Let's break down the calculation step by step:
1. Calculate the interest expense:
Interest Expense = Debt * Interest Rate
Interest Expense = $3,000 * 8% = $240
2. Calculate the taxable income:
Taxable Income = EBIT - Interest Expense
Taxable Income = $800 - $240 = $560
3. Calculate the taxes:
Taxes = Tax Rate * Taxable Income
Taxes = 40% * $560 = $224
4. Calculate the net income:
Net Income = Taxable Income - Taxes
Net Income = $560 - $224 = $336
5. Calculate the ROE:
ROE = Net Income / Shareholders' Equity
To calculate the shareholders' equity, we subtract the debt from the total assets:
Shareholders' Equity = Assets - Debt
Shareholders' Equity = $5,000 - $3,000 = $2,000
ROE = $336 / $2,000 = 0.168, or 16.8%
Therefore, the Return on Equity (ROE) for Firm L is 16.8%.
ROE measures how effectively a company utilizes its shareholders' equity to generate profits. In this case, Firm L generates a ROE of 16.8%, which means that for every dollar of equity invested by the shareholders, the company generates a return of 16.8 cents.
This indicates a relatively decent level of profitability for the shareholders, considering the 8% interest expense on the debt and the tax burden of 40%.
It's important to note that ROE alone does not provide a complete picture of a company's financial health and performance.
It should be considered alongside other financial ratios and factors, such as industry benchmarks, growth prospects, and risk factors, to gain a comprehensive understanding of Firm L's overall financial position.
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when a positive externality is present in a market, the imposition of a government subsidy ensures:
a. an efficient outcome. b. a fair distribution of surplus. c. all of these are true. d. that those who enjoy the benefit receive the surplus.
When a positive externality is present in a market, the imposition of a government subsidy ensures a. an efficient outcome.
In the presence of a positive externality, the social benefits of a good or service are higher than the private benefits. This means that the market tends to underproduce the good or service, leading to a market failure.
By providing a government subsidy, the costs of production decrease, encouraging producers to supply more of the good or service.
This increased production helps to internalize the positive externality and achieve an efficient outcome, as the socially optimal level of the good or service is produced.
So, the correct answer to your question is option a. an efficient outcome.
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Prior to its bankruptcy in 2002, US firm Enron used certain
practices and financing arrangements to hide the company's debt,
inflate its profits, and make top management wealthy. The firm
was:
Select
Main Answer: Prior to its bankruptcy in 2002, US firm Enron engaged in unethical accounting practices and utilized financing arrangements to conceal its debt, artificially boost its profits, and enrich its top management.
Supporting Explanation: Enron employed various fraudulent techniques, such as creating off-balance-sheet entities and using complex financial structures, to hide its debt and liabilities from its financial statements. These practices allowed the company to portray a healthier financial position than it actually had, deceiving investors and stakeholders.
Enron also manipulated its reported profits through aggressive accounting methods, including mark-to-market accounting and inflated revenue recognition. By artificially inflating its profits, Enron sought to maintain its stock price and enhance its reputation.
Additionally, Enron's top management, including executives and senior officials, received substantial financial rewards through stock options and performance-related bonuses. These compensation schemes incentivized unethical behavior and contributed to the enrichment of the company's leadership.
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Select all that apply
When considering accepting a special order:
Multiple select question.
a. opportunity costs should never be considered
b. incremental revenue should equal increment cost
c. normal sales must not be affected
d. there must be idle capacity
When considering accepting a special order, the following options should be considered:
b. Incremental revenue should equal incremental cost: When evaluating a special order, it is important to compare the additional revenue generated from the order to the incremental costs associated with fulfilling it. The incremental revenue should at least cover the incremental cost.
c. Normal sales must not be affected: Accepting a special order should not negatively impact regular or normal sales. It is crucial to assess whether fulfilling the special order will disrupt ongoing operations or result in a loss of potential revenue from regular customers.
d. There must be idle capacity: Before accepting a special order, it is necessary to ensure that there is enough idle or unused capacity to accommodate the order without straining existing resources. This helps prevent potential bottlenecks or inefficiencies in production or service delivery.
a. Opportunity costs should never be considered: This statement is incorrect. Opportunity costs should be considered when evaluating a special order. Opportunity cost refers to the potential benefits or profits that could be gained from an alternative use of resources.
Therefore, the correct options are b, c, and d.
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when a monopolistically competitive firm earns zero economic profits, it produces at an output at which the average total cost curve is tangent to its demand curve. at this output: the profit-maximizing condition, mr
When a monopolistically competitive firm earns zero economic profits, it means that its revenue just covers all of its costs.
To achieve this, the firm produces at an output where the average total cost curve is tangent to its demand curve. This output is also known as the profit-maximizing condition because, at this point, the firm is producing the optimal quantity that generates the most revenue possible given its cost structure. The marginal revenue (MR) at this output is equal to the price, and the firm is operating in a state of long-run equilibrium. In summary, the tangency between the average total cost and demand curves is the equilibrium condition that allows a monopolistically competitive firm to earn zero economic profits.
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T/F. a contract exists for purposes of revenue recognition if either the seller or customer has performed an obligation specified by the contract.
False.
To recognize revenue , a contract needs to meet certain criteria, including the satisfaction of performance obligations.
to the revenue recognition principles outlined in accounting standards such as the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS 15) and the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), a contract exists for revenue recognition purposes when specific conditions are met:
1. Identifying the Contract: The contract must have commercial substance, be approved by the parties involved, and have clear identification of rights and payment terms.
2. Performance Obligations: The contract should specify the goods or services that the seller is obligated to provide to the customer.
3. Transfer of Control: The seller must transfer control of the goods or services to the customer, which can occur over time or at a specific point in time.
So, the mere performance of an obligation by either the seller or customer is not sufficient for revenue recognition. Both the seller and customer must fulfill their respective obligations as specified in the contract, and control of the goods or services must be transferred to the customer.
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True/false: processing of customer complaints can be automated using rpa
It is true that processing of customer complaints can be automated using Robotic Process Automation (RPA). RPA is a software technology that allows businesses to automate repetitive tasks and processes by using software robots. Customer complaint processing involves several steps such as receiving the complaint, categorizing it, assigning it to the relevant department or person, investigating the issue, and responding to the customer.
RPA can be used to automate many of these steps, such as receiving and categorizing the complaint, assigning it to the right department or person, and even generating a response to the customer. RPA can also help to improve the accuracy and speed of complaint processing, reduce the workload on employees, and ultimately improve customer satisfaction. However, it is important to note that not all aspects of customer complaint processing can be automated. Some complaints may require human intervention and decision-making, such as those that involve complex issues or require personalized responses. Therefore, while RPA can be a valuable tool for automating certain parts of customer complaint processing, it should be used in conjunction with human input and oversight.
In summary, it is true that processing of customer complaints can be automated using RPA, but it should be used judiciously to ensure that it does not compromise the quality of service or customer satisfaction.
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You bought 1 call option with an exercise price of $35 for $18.31, sold (wrote) 2 call options on the same stock with an exercise price of $45 for $12.69 each, and bought 1 call option on said stock with an exercise price of $55 for $8.8. All options expire in 5 months. Such a portfolio is called a butterfly spread. Part 1 - Attempt 1/2 for 10 pts. What is your profit from buying the call with X-$35 if the stock price is $20 in 5 months (in $)? 1+ decimals Submit Part 2 Attempt 1/2 for 10 pts. What is your profit from selling (writing) the calls with X=$45 if the stock price is $50 in 5 months in $)? 1+ decimals Submit Part 3 - Attempt 1/2 for 10 pts. What is your total profit if the stock price is $100 in 5 months (in %)?
The profit from buying the call option will be the initial cost of the option, which is $18.31. The profit from selling (writing) the calls with X=$45 if the stock price is $50 in 5 months is $25.38. Total profit, if the stock price is $100 in 5 months, is $18.31
Part 1:
If the stock price is $20 in 5 months, the call option with an exercise price of $35 will be out of the money and not exercised. Therefore, the profit from buying the call option will be the initial cost of the option, which is $18.31.
Part 2:
If the stock price is $50 in 5 months, the calls with an exercise price of $45 will be in the money. Since you wrote (sold) 2 call options, you will be obligated to sell 200 shares of the underlying stock at the exercise price of $45.
The profit from selling the calls will be the initial premium received from selling the options, which is $12.69 per option, multiplied by the number of options sold (2), resulting in a profit of $25.38.
Part 3:
If the stock price is $100 in 5 months, all three options will be out of the money, and none of the options will be exercised. Therefore, the total profit in this scenario will be the sum of the initial costs of buying the call options, which is $18.31 (for the X-$35 call) + $8.8 (for the X-$55 call).
In conclusion, the profit from buying the call option with X-$35 will depend on the stock price at expiration. The profit from selling the calls with X=$45 will be the premium received.
If the stock price is $100, the total profit will be the sum of the initial costs of the purchased call options. The profitability of the butterfly spread strategy will depend on the actual stock price at expiration and the behavior of the options involved.
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Suppose you find an investment strategy that consistently generates high positive alpha (risk adjusted return), and you used the Fama French three-factor model to risk adjust the returns. Which of the following statements is most accurate? This is an evidence against efficient market hypothesis. This is an evidence that the Fama-French three-factor model is wrong. This is an evidence against efficient market hypothesis and an evidence that the Fama-French three-factor model is wrong. This can be an evidence against efficient market hypothesis and/or can be an evidence that the Fama-French three-factor model is wrong. ОО None of these is correct.
This can be evidence against the efficient market hypothesis and/or can be evidence that the Fama-French three-factor model is wrong.
If an investment strategy consistently generates high positive alpha, which represents risk-adjusted returns, it challenges the efficient market hypothesis (EMH). EMH suggests that it is difficult to consistently outperform the market due to the immediate incorporation of all available information into stock prices. However, if the strategy consistently generates positive alpha, it indicates the possibility of exploiting market inefficiencies and generating excess returns. Furthermore, if the Fama-French three-factor model is used to risk-adjust the returns and still consistently produces high positive alpha, it raises questions about the accuracy or completeness of the model. The Fama-French three-factor model is widely used to explain stock returns based on factors like market risk, size, and value. If the model fails to explain the persistent positive alpha, it suggests limitations or missing factors in the model. Therefore, the statement "This can be evidence against the efficient market hypothesis and/or can be evidence that the Fama-French three-factor model is wrong" captures the most accurate interpretation, acknowledging that the consistently high positive alpha challenges the EMH and raises doubts about the adequacy of the Fama-French three-factor model.
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Which of the two SWOT elements are considered mostly external and which are considered mostly internal? a) Opportunities and Strengths are internal/Weakness and Threats are external b) Strengths and Weakness are internal/Opportunities and Threats are external c) Opportunities and Weakness are internal/Strength and Weakness are external d) None of the above
The answer to your question is b) Strengths and Weakness are internal/Opportunities and Threats are external.
SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool that helps businesses to identify their internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats. Strengths and weaknesses are considered internal factors as they relate to the business itself, such as its resources, capabilities, and competitive advantages. On the other hand, opportunities and threats are considered external factors as they relate to the market, industry, and other external forces that impact the business. By analyzing both internal and external factors, businesses can develop strategies to leverage their strengths, address their weaknesses, capitalize on opportunities, and mitigate threats.
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shane incorrectly believes most defendants who claim they were insane get lenient sentences or never go to jail. if he believes this because he easily recalls several recent cases in which this appeared to be true, he is using the
Shane is employing the heuristic of availability. The availability heuristic is a mental shortcut in which people make decisions based on how quickly they can recall examples or instances.
What is the heuristic for availability?
The availability heuristic (or availability bias) is a cognitive bias that assists us in making quick, but sometimes incorrect, decisions. It entails relying on information that comes to mind quickly or is readily available.
Shane bases his belief in this case on how easily he recalls several recent cases in which defendants claiming insanity appeared to receive lenient sentences or avoid jail. This reliance on easily remembered examples.
Therefore, Shane is using the heuristic of availability as he recalls several recent cases in which the situation appeared to be true.
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a protective covenant may a. specify all the rights and obligations of the issuing firm and the bondholders. b. require the firm to retire a certain amount of the bond issue each year. c. restrict the amount of additional debt the firm can issue. d. none of the above
A protective covenant may c. restrict the amount of additional debt the firm can issue.
Protective covenants are contractual agreements included in bond indentures or loan agreements that aim to protect the interests of bondholders or lenders. These covenants outline certain terms and conditions that the issuer of the bond or loan must adhere to. While protective covenants can vary, they often include provisions that restrict certain actions or behaviors of the issuing firm.
One common type of protective covenant is a debt restriction covenant, which limits the amount of additional debt the firm can issue. This is done to safeguard the bondholders' interests by preventing the firm from taking on excessive debt that could potentially impair its ability to meet its obligations. By imposing limitations on additional borrowing, the protective covenant helps maintain the financial stability and creditworthiness of the issuing firm, reducing the risk for bondholders.
While protective covenants can also specify other rights and obligations of the firm and bondholders, and may require certain bond retirements, the restriction on additional debt issuance is a notable example of a protective covenant.
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One can estimate the cost of common equity by using the capital asset pricing model that says cost of common equity = riskfree rate + beta of the stock x (return on market portfolio - riskfree rate). True False
The statement is True. The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a widely used method for estimating the cost of common equity. The model uses the risk-free rate, beta of the stock, and return on the market portfolio to determine the expected return on a stock.
The risk-free rate represents the interest rate on a risk-free asset, such as a government bond, and the beta of the stock measures the volatility of the stock in relation to the market. The return on the market portfolio represents the overall return of the stock market.
By combining these factors, the CAPM provides an estimate of the expected return on a stock and can be used to determine the cost of common equity.
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Bilbo Baggins wants to save money to meet his retirement objectives. He would like to be able to retire 30 years from now with a retirement income of $13,661 per month for 20 years, with the first payment received 30 years and 1 month from now. After he passes on at the end of the 20 years of withdrawals, he would like to leave an inheritance of $790,674 to his nephew Frodo. The post-retirement return is equal to 7.2%. Before his retirement (from Y1 to Y30). • he plans to deposit $2,000 per month in Account #1, which will earn 3.6%, and • $x per month in Account #2, which will earn 5.4%. How much will Bilbo have to save in Account #2 every month (i.e., $x) in order to achieve his retirement objectives? Round your answer to two decimal places and input your answer as a POSITIVE number.
The future value (FV) which earns 3.6% interest, for the 30-year period before retirement is $2,164,563.02
[tex]\rm FV_1 = P_1 \times [(1 + r_1)^{n_1}- 1] / r_1[/tex]
P₁ = monthly deposit in Account= $2,000
r₁ = monthly interest rate for Account = 3.6% / 12 = 0.003
n₁ = number of months before retirement = 30 * 12 = 360
Plugging in the values:
FV1 = $2,000 ˣ [(1 + 0.003)³⁶⁰ - 1] / 0.003
FV1 ≈ $1,008,731.58
Next, let's calculate the future value (FV₂) needed in Account to achieve Bilbo's retirement objectives. We'll use the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity again:
[tex]\rm FV_1 = P_1 \times [(1 + r_1)^{n_1}- 1] / r_1[/tex]
Where:
P₂ = monthly deposit in Account = x (to be determined)
r₂ = monthly interest rate for Account = 5.4% / 12 = 0.0045
n₂ = number of months for retirement income withdrawals = 20 ˣ 12 = 240
Plugging in the values:
FV₂ = x ˣ [(1 + 0.0045[tex])^{240[/tex] - 1] / 0.0045
FV₂ ≈ $13,661 ˣ 240 / 0.0045
FV₂ ≈ $7,263,555.56
To achieve Bilbo's retirement objectives, the sum of the future values from Account and Account should equal the inheritance amount to Frodo:
FV₁ + FV₂ = $7,263,555.56 + $790,674 = $8,054,229.56
Now, we can solve for x:
$1,008,731.58 + x ˣ [(1 + 0.0045)²⁴⁰ - 1] / 0.0045 = $8,054,229.56
Simplifying the equation:
x ˣ [(1.0045)²⁴⁰ - 1] / 0.0045 = $8,054,229.56 - $1,008,731.58
x ˣ [4.2540539 - 1] ≈ $7,045,497.98
x ˣ 3.2540539 ≈ $7,045,497.98
x ≈ $7,045,497.98 / 3.2540539
x ≈ $2,164,563.02
Therefore, Bilbo would need to save approximately $2,164,563.02 per month in Account To achieve his retirement objectives.
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Which of the following is true about FDI?
A) A focal firm makes minimum resource commitment as domestic firms take most of the financial responsibilities.
B) A focal firm establishes a relatively permanent base in the foreign market, which increases flexibility for market and company conditions.
C) A focal firm attains decreased risk due to the certainty in the foreign business environment.
D) A focal firm attains maximum control by establishing a physical presence in the foreign market.
The true statement about FDI is B) A focal firm establishes a relatively permanent base in the foreign market, which increases flexibility for market and company conditions.
This is because FDI allows a company to establish a physical presence in a foreign market, which can provide greater control and flexibility over operations in that market.
By having a local presence, a company can better understand market conditions, respond quickly to changes, and tailor their products or services to local preferences.
This increased flexibility can help a company adapt to changing markets and company conditions, which is important for long-term success.
Option A is incorrect because FDI typically involves a significant resource commitment by the focal firm, and domestic firms do not necessarily take on most of the financial responsibilities.
Option C is also incorrect because FDI may actually increase risk due to factors such as political instability, currency fluctuations, and differences in business practices and regulations.
Option D is partially correct in that FDI can provide greater control over operations in the foreign market, but it does not necessarily guarantee maximum control.
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