One major difficulty that confronted the First Continental Congress was the division between the colonies regarding their demands and approach towards the British government.
Some colonies were more radical and demanded complete independence, while others wanted to negotiate with the British government to address their grievances. This led to debates and disagreements during the Congress on the best course of action to take. Additionally, the Congress struggled to establish a unified voice and coordinate actions among the colonies. Despite these challenges, the Congress managed to draft and approve a Declaration of Rights and Grievances, which outlined the colonists' grievances against British rule and affirmed their rights as British citizens. This document helped to unite the colonies and paved the way for future congresses and ultimately, the American Revolution.
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(LC)Which of these resulted from the Union victory in the Civil War?
Answer:
Which of these resulted from the Union victory in the Civil War? African American men were granted the right to vote.
What did Mary Hind say the Freedom Riders did on their way to jail? Why do you think they did this?
Mary Hind, an organizer for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), stated that the Freedom Riders sang and prayed as they rode the buses to jail. They did this as a form of peaceful protest.
They were sending a message as they passed towards jail that they were determined to achieve equality and justice, and no amount of violence or intimidation would deter them from their mission.The Freedom Riders were a group of civil rights activists who rode buses through the American South in 1961.
They were challenging segregation laws that were still in place despite the Supreme Court's ruling that they were unconstitutional. Their goal was to test the enforcement of these laws and draw attention to the injustice of segregation and discrimination. The Freedom Riders' journey was dangerous, and they were met with violent resistance from white supremacist groups. Despite this, they remained committed to their cause and continued their peaceful protest.
The Freedom Riders' tactics were effective in bringing attention to the issue of segregation and discrimination. Their peaceful protest showed that they were not willing to back down, and their commitment inspired others to join the civil rights movement.
Through their actions, the Freedom Riders helped pave the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
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The Russian steppe was best suited to which of the following: A) Planting and harvesting various grains B) Trapping fur-bearing animals C) Cutting timber OD) Grazing cattle and horses
Answer: A
Explanation: steppes are drought resistant and have fertile soil plus they are huge wide open field ALSO mcr just mcr we love mcr good mcr
why did a.i.m. - the american indian movement- occupy wounded knee in the pine ridge indian reservation in early 1973?
Answer: They forced a federal investigation of his administration.
Explanation:
AIM considered his government corrupt and dictatorial and planned the occupation of Wounded Knee as a means of forcing a federal investigation of his administration. By taking Wounded Knee, The AIM leaders also hoped to force an investigation of other reservations, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and broken Indian treaties
The American Indian Movement (AIM) was a civil rights organization founded in 1968 to advocate for the rights of Native American peoples. In 1973, AIM activists occupied the town of Wounded Knee in the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, which had been the site of a massacre of Lakota people by the U.S. Army in 1890.
The occupation was a protest against the U.S. government's failure to honor treaties with Native American tribes and provide them with adequate resources and services. AIM activists demanded greater autonomy and sovereignty for Native American nations, as well as the restoration of traditional lands and the recognition of their cultures and religions.
The situation at Pine Ridge was particularly tense due to ongoing conflicts between traditionalist Lakota people and the tribal government, which was accused of corruption and collaboration with the federal government. AIM saw the occupation of Wounded Knee as a way to bring national attention to these issues and force the government to negotiate with Native American activists.
The occupation lasted for 71 days and resulted in two deaths and numerous arrests. While it did not achieve all of AIM's goals, it did draw attention to the plight of Native American peoples and helped to spark a broader movement for indigenous rights and sovereignty.
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Use the cause-and-effect chart to answer the question.
Cause Effect
? The stock market crashed on October 29, 1929.
Which of the following best completes the chart?
A. Investors focused only on investing on agriculture during the 1930s.
B. Investors preferred to use cash instead of investing in the stock market.
C. Investors were very conservative with their purchases and stopped buying stocks.
D. Investors made high-risk purchases and bought stocks with small down payments.
The best completion for the cause-and-effect chart is option D, "Investors made high-risk purchases and bought stocks with small down payments."
This is because during the 1920s, the stock market experienced a period of great growth and optimism, with many investors speculating and buying stocks on margin (borrowed money). However, this led to a situation where the market was overvalued and overextended, and when investors began to lose confidence and sell off their shares, the market crashed on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929. The high-risk purchases and use of margin contributed to the severity of the crash and subsequent economic depression. Option A is not relevant to the cause of the crash, and options B and C do not explain the risky behavior that led to it.
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The stock market crashed on October 29, 1929, because Investors made high-risk purchases and bought stocks with small down payments. (D)
The stock market crash on October 29, 1929, also known as Black Tuesday, led to a cascading effect of economic downturn and financial crisis known as the Great Depression. One of the contributing causes was the speculative and risky behavior of investors leading up to the crash. During the 1920s, many investors engaged in speculative buying, purchasing stocks with small down payments and borrowing money to invest. This excessive speculation created an unsustainable bubble in the stock market, which eventually burst, leading to the crash.
The effect of the crash was widespread panic and loss of confidence in the market. Investors faced massive losses, and the crash triggered a chain reaction of bank failures, business closures, unemployment, and overall economic depression. Choice D, stating that investors made high-risk purchases and bought stocks with small down payments, best completes the cause-and-effect chart.
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.Which of the following leisure activities might a white working-class American have enjoyed in the antebellum era? Check all that apply.
Consulting an etiquette manual before taking a stroll
Reading daily updates on the Richard Robinson trial
Attending a minstrel show
Spending an evening reading aloud with family gathered around
In addition to her role in the nascent women's movement, Lucretia Mott also:
Established the American Female Reform Society
Taught at a common school
Worked as a missionary
A white working-class American in the antebellum era might have enjoyed attending a minstrel show as one of their leisure activities.
They may not have had the luxury of consulting an etiquette manual before taking a stroll, as this was more common among the upper class. Reading daily updates on the Richard Robinson trial may have been more of a news-related activity rather than a leisure activity. Spending an evening reading aloud with family gathered around was a common leisure activity for many families during this time period. In addition to her role in the women's movement, Lucretia Mott also established the American Female Reform Society and worked as a missionary, although she may not have had much leisure time for other activities.
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the industrial workers of the world and most of the socialist party:group of answer choices worked with the committee on public information.supported u.s. entry into world war i.opposed the war.remained neutral.encourage their members to join in the war effort.
The industrial workers of the world and most of the socialist party opposed the war.
This was largely due to their belief in international solidarity and their opposition to capitalist imperialism. They saw the war as a conflict between rival imperialist powers, rather than a just war to defend democracy or national sovereignty. As a result, they opposed U.S. entry into World War I and criticized the government's propaganda efforts through the Committee on Public Information. They remained neutral and encouraged their members to resist the war effort, which put them at odds with the government and led to persecution and repression of their organizations. Overall, their opposition to the war reflected their broader commitment to social and economic justice, and their belief that workers and oppressed peoples around the world had more in common with each other than with their respective ruling classes.
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the first large wave of immigrants to the united states, from the time of independence until the 1880s, was mostly from:
The first large wave of immigrants to the United States, from the time of independence until the 1880s, was mostly from northern and western Europe.
This included immigrants from countries like England, Ireland, Germany, and Scandinavia. The reasons for this migration were varied, but many were seeking economic opportunity and religious freedom.
During the mid-19th century, there was also a significant influx of Chinese immigrants, who primarily worked on the railroad and in mining industries. However, this immigration was met with hostility and discrimination, resulting in the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, which banned all Chinese immigration to the United States.
The immigration patterns of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were quite different, with a shift towards southern and eastern European immigrants. This wave of immigration was met with even more hostility and discrimination, with the passage of laws such as the Immigration Act of 1924, which limited the number of immigrants allowed from certain countries.
Overall, immigration has played a significant role in shaping the United States and its demographics, and continues to do so today.
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what was the difference between lincoln's and johnson's reconstruction plans? (answer in one sentence)
Answer:
lincoln's reconstruction plan focused on a quick reunification of the country, while johnson's reconstruction plan sought to punish the south and restore the union with limited federal intervention.
Explanation:
:)
Lincoln's Reconstruction plan, aimed for a lenient and rapid reintegration of Confederate states, while Johnson's plan similarly emphasized leniency but granted amnesty and the return of property to former Confederates who took a loyalty oath, except for high-ranking officials and wealthy landowners.
The difference between Lincoln's and Johnson's Reconstruction plans is that Lincoln's plan was more lenient towards the South, allowing for a faster and easier reintegration of Confederate states back into the Union, while Johnson's plan was more punitive and aimed to keep Southern states under federal control for a longer period of time with harsher conditions for readmission, such as requiring loyalty oaths and ratification of the 13th Amendment to abolish slavery.
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creation myths include a sense of doom, that life will eventually return to the same imperishable chaos out of which it emerged.
true
false
True. Many creation myths from various cultures around the world describe the emergence of life from a state of chaos or void, often referred to as "imperishable chaos" or "primordial chaos."
However, these myths also often include a sense of doom or eventual return to chaos. For example, in Norse mythology, the world was created from the body of a slain giant, but it is believed that eventually, the world will end and return to chaos through a cataclysmic event known as Ragnarok. Similarly, in Hindu mythology, the universe is cyclically created and destroyed, with each cycle beginning and ending in a state of chaos. Overall, the sense of impermanence and eventual return to chaos is a common theme in many creation myths.
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What does capital formation depend on?
Producing more then your consume and saving.
Premiums and pensions
Bonds and Treasury bills
Life insurance companies and finance companies
The capital formation depends on producing more than you consume and saving. Thus the correct option is A.
The process of gradually building up an economy's stock of capital goods is referred to as capital formation. It entails setting aside a portion of income for savings before investing it in productive assets including equipment, structures, infrastructure, and technological improvements.
This choice highlights how crucial it is to create savings by producing or earning more money than is consumed or spent. Individuals, companies, and governments can build up capital that can be used for investments by setting aside a percentage of their income, which results in capital formation.
Therefore, option A is appropriate.
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What two places did the USSR & the US disagree about what to do with at the start of the Cold War?
The main conflicts between the USSR and the US that caused the Cold War are tensions from the end of WW2, the emergence of nuclear weapons, differences in ideology, and the spread of communism around the globe (the US was determined to stop the spread of communism).
NEED ASAP
What lesson were Asian American protestors taught by the African American civil rights leaders?
Asian American protestors have been taught valuable lessons by African American civil rights leaders, including the importance of unity, resilience, and the power of grassroots organizing in the pursuit of social justice and equality.
Asian American protestors have learned significant lessons from African American civil rights leaders. They have witnessed the power of unity and solidarity in the face of systemic discrimination and inequality. African American leaders have shown them the importance of resilience and perseverance in the ongoing struggle for justice. They have shared strategies and tactics of grassroots organizing, emphasizing the strength that comes from mobilizing communities and advocating for change collectively. By studying the history of African American civil rights movements, Asian American protestors have gained insights into effective ways to challenge oppression, raise awareness, and fight for equal rights and representation. These lessons have helped shape their activism and fostered inter-community alliances, creating a broader coalition striving for social progress and racial justice.Therefore, it can be said that Asian American protestors have been taught valuable lessons by African American civil rights leaders, including the importance of unity, resilience, and the power of grassroots organizing in the pursuit of social justice and equality.
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Was the American involvement in the Vietnam War necessary
It was necessary for the Americans to get involved in the Vietnam War to stop the spread of communism i.e. containment policy, and help the ally, South Vietnam.
Firstly, Americans believed in the containment policy, which aimed to halt the spread of communism globally.
They viewed Vietnam as a crucial battleground in the larger Cold War struggle against the Soviet Union and China, fearing that a communist victory in Vietnam would embolden communist movements in other parts of Asia.
Secondly, supporters of the war believed that it was necessary to honor America's commitments and obligations to its ally, South Vietnam.
The United States had provided military and economic assistance to South Vietnam to counter the communist North, and abandoning them would have been seen as a betrayal.
Also, the Gulf of Tonkin incident, in which it was alleged that North Vietnamese forces attacked American naval vessels, was used as a justification for escalated American involvement.
Thus, these are the reasons why American involvement in the Vietnam War was necessary.
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"Bleeding Kansas" gained its reputation for violence because of the:
A) sporadic warfare between settlers on opposing sides in the battle over the slavery issue. B) actions of various bandit gangs that roamed the territory before the arrival of federal marshals
Bleeding Kansas" gained its reputation for violence because of the sporadic warfare between settlers on opposing sides in the battle over the slavery issue. The correct option is a.
Following the creation of the new territory of Kansas in 1854, there were repeated outbreaks of violent guerrilla warfare among pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces. Between 1855 and 1859, approximately 55 people were killed. The conflict heightened the ongoing debate in the United States about the future of slavery and served as a key precursor to the Civil War.
With the United States rapidly expanding westward, Congress started debating a proposed bill to organise the former Louisiana Purchase lands, then known as the Nebraska Territory, by early 1854.
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which feature of american democracy comes from the romans?
One feature of American democracy that has its roots in ancient Rome is the concept of representative government. The Romans developed the concept of representative government through their system of the Republic.
In the Roman Republic, citizens elected representatives to serve in various governmental bodies, such as the Senate and the popular assemblies. These representatives were responsible for making decisions on behalf of the people and advocating for their interests. This idea of electing officials to represent the interests of the citizenry resonates in the structure of American democracy. The United States has a representative democracy, where citizens elect individuals to serve as their representatives in government. The elected officials, including members of Congress and state legislatures, are entrusted with the responsibility of making laws and decisions that reflect the will of the people.
The Roman Republic's influence on American democracy is evident in the adoption of representative government as a means of ensuring the participation and influence of citizens in the decision-making process.
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the cotton boom enriched planters as well as manufacturers and
The cotton boom of the mid-19th century brought unprecedented prosperity to planters, manufacturers, and other entrepreneurs involved in the cotton trade.
Planters, who were predominantly wealthy white landowners, saw their profits soar as cotton prices rose and demand increased. They were able to expand their plantations, buy more slaves, and invest in other ventures. Manufacturers, on the other hand, benefited from the cheap and abundant supply of raw cotton, which they could process and sell for a hefty profit. This led to the growth of textile mills and other industries in the North and England, which helped fuel the Industrial Revolution. However, this boom also perpetuated the cruel and inhumane system of slavery that underpinned the cotton economy.
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which of the following is not associated with sixteenth-century calvinism
Answer:
The following is not associated with sixteenth-century Calvinism: belief in the doctrine of transubstantiation.
Explanation:
The doctrine of transubstantiation is not associated with sixteenth-century Calvinism. Calvinism rejected the Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation, which holds that the bread and wine of the Eucharist become the actual body and blood of Christ. Instead, Calvinism emphasized the spiritual presence of Christ in the Eucharist.
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Indulgences are not associated with sixteenth-century calvinism (C)
Calvinism, a branch of Protestantism founded by John Calvin in the 16th century, emphasized the doctrines of predestination, iconoclasm (the rejection of religious images), and the concept of a theocratic form of government. However, indulgences, which were a key issue in the Protestant Reformation, are not associated with Calvinism.
Indulgences were the sale of forgiveness or reduction of punishment for sins, which was strongly criticized by reformers like Martin Luther and had a significant impact on the separation from the Roman Catholic Church. In contrast, Calvinism focused more on the sovereignty of God and the notion of predestination.
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Complete Question:
which of the following is not associated with sixteenth-century calvinism? create 4 options for the question.
a) Predestination
b) Iconoclasm
c) Indulgences
d) Theocracy
according to the selection, what describes the transformation that has recently taken place in chattanooga?
Answer:
The selection describes Chattanooga's transformation as a shift from an industrial to a technology-centered economy, with a growing focus on innovative technology to fuel its growth.
Explanation:
The transformation that has recently taken place in Chattanooga is one that has been impressive and innovative.
The city has reinvented itself from a declining industrial hub into a thriving technology-driven community. The selection describes how Chattanooga has successfully built a fiber optic network that provides some of the fastest internet speeds in the world. This has enabled startups and established businesses alike to set up shop in the city, creating new jobs and opportunities for residents. Furthermore, Chattanooga has focused on sustainability and green energy, making it a leader in the renewable energy sector. The city's transformation has been a result of strong partnerships between the private sector, government, and community leaders. Chattanooga has also invested heavily in its public spaces, creating walkable neighborhoods, bike lanes, and parks. Overall, the transformation of Chattanooga is an inspiring story of a city that has embraced innovation, sustainability, and collaboration to create a better future for its residents.
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what was a primary goal of franklin d. roosevelt, winston churchill, and joseph stalin when they met at the yalta conference in 1945? responses setting up postwar aid for great britain setting up postwar aid for great britain, , , sharing the development of atomic weapons sharing the development of atomic weapons, , , protecting the colonial empires of the warring nations protecting the colonial empires of the warring nations settling major wartime issues of the allied power settling major wartime issues of the allied power
The primary goal of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin when they met at the Yalta Conference in 1945 was to settle major wartime issues of the Allied powers.
This included the postwar division of Europe, the establishment of the United Nations, and the prosecution of war criminals. However, there were also discussions about postwar aid for Great Britain and the sharing of the development of atomic weapons. Protecting the colonial empires of the warring nations was also a topic of discussion. The Yalta Conference was a crucial moment in history as it marked the beginning of the end of World War II and set the stage for the postwar world order. It was an important step towards peace and cooperation among nations, but it also set the groundwork for the tensions and conflicts that would emerge during the Cold War. Answering this question required more than 100 words due to the complexity and significance of the Yalta Conference.
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before moving to chicago, the people described in the excerpt most likely were engaged in which of the following? a. responses sharecropping or tenant b. farming sharecropping or tenant
c. farming gang labor on the railways
d. gang labor on the railways e. mining and other extractive industries f. mining and other extractive industries manufacturing in urban factories
Based on the given information, it is difficult to determine the specific occupation of the people before moving to Chicago. The excerpt does not provide clear details about their previous engagement. Therefore, a direct answer cannot be provided in this case.
The excerpt does not mention the occupation or work of the people before moving to Chicago. It only states that they are now working in the factories in Chicago. Without further information, it is not possible to determine their previous occupation or engagement.
Based on the information provided in the excerpt, the previous occupation or engagement of the people before moving to Chicago is not specified.
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india developed the first governmental system based on merit T/F
True. India developed the first governmental system based on merit. The ancient Indian civilization had a well-organized system of governance which relied on the ability and merit of individuals rather than their social status.
The system was known as the "VArna system" and it emphasized the importance of education, knowledge, and talent in determining one's position in society. The leaders were chosen based on their qualifications and capabilities, rather than their birth or lineage. This system of meritocracy was a significant development in the history of governance and has had a lasting impact on India's political culture.
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FILL THE BLANK. matthew ___, west wing president after josiah bartlet
Matthew Santos was the West Wing president after Josiah Bartlet. In the political drama television series "The West Wing," Matthew Santos, is a fictional character.
He is portrayed by actor Jimmy Smits. Santos is a Democratic congressman from Texas who rises to prominence as a presidential candidate in the later seasons of the show. He brought his own leadership style and policy priorities to the Oval Office, continuing the dramatic narrative of the series. He becomes a central figure in the political storyline, ultimately winning the presidential election and assuming the role of the President of the United States.
Santos is depicted as a charismatic and principled politician who brings fresh ideas and perspectives to the White House. His character arc explores the challenges and complexities of presidential campaigns, leadership, and governance within the fictional world of "The West Wing."
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pagoda design was inspired by a.qin shihuangdi's tomb b.egyptian pyramids c.mesopotamian ziggurats d.indian stupas
Pagoda design was inspired by Indian stupas. The first pagodas were built in China during the Han dynasty, around 206 BCE to 220 CE.
These buildings were designed to house relics and sacred objects, much like Indian stupas. However, as Buddhism spread throughout China, the design of pagodas began to evolve. The distinctive multi-tiered roof, with its upturned corners, became a hallmark of pagoda design during the Tang dynasty, around 618 to 907 CE. This style was further refined during the Song dynasty, around 960 to 1279 CE, when the use of glazed tiles and ornamental carvings became popular. The pagoda design was not just limited to China, but also spread to other countries like Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. Today, the pagoda remains an iconic architectural symbol of East Asia.
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According to Castiglione, a person will succeed in their interactions with others if they have a good understanding of: (Choose all that apply.) A. Courtly etiquette B. Artistic skills C. Military strategy D. Classical literature
According to Castiglione's book "The Book of the Courtier," the ideal courtier should possess a wide range of qualities and skills to succeed in their interactions with others.
These include courtly etiquette, artistic skills, and a knowledge of classical literature. Courtly etiquette involves having a good sense of manners, poise, and grace, which can help the courtier navigate social situations with ease. Artistic skills such as music, poetry, and painting are also considered essential as they demonstrate refinement and cultural sophistication. A knowledge of classical literature is also important as it provides the courtier with the ability to engage in intellectual conversations with other educated individuals. Military strategy, on the other hand, is not mentioned as a necessary skill in Castiglione's book. In summary, to succeed in their interactions with others, a person must have a good understanding of courtly etiquette, artistic skills, and classical literature.
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I know it says draw, but could you like describe the strategies and then I can like draw it out thanks also I need help ASAP please thank you
Answer:
Explanation:
mi no habla ingles, porgur wive en espana
Were a city to lose both its baseball team and the stadium in which the team played, we might expect this to have a truly _________ effect on community identification.
If a city were to lose both its baseball team and the stadium in which the team played, it would have a truly devastating effect on community identification.
Baseball teams are often a central focus of a community's identity, and the stadium serves as a symbol of pride and belonging. Losing both would not only mean losing a source of entertainment but also a sense of shared experience and community spirit. The city's residents may feel a sense of loss, disconnection, and even anger. The absence of a baseball team and stadium may also have economic implications, affecting local businesses and tourism. Therefore, it is essential to support local sports teams and maintain the facilities they play in to preserve the community's identity and well-being.
In the event that a city were to lose both its baseball team and the stadium in which the team played, we could expect this to have a truly detrimental effect on community identification. Losing these elements could lead to a decline in local pride and shared experiences among residents, as sports teams often play a significant role in bringing people together and fostering a sense of belonging. Additionally, the absence of a stadium might reduce opportunities for socializing and enjoying leisure activities, further impacting the community's sense of unity. Overall, such a loss would likely have a negative impact on the city's communal identity and cohesion.
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why did the united states not develop a noble class? a. the catholic church condemned the noble class. b. most of the landowners still resided in england. c.
The United States did not develop a noble class because it was founded on the principle of equality.
The founding fathers believed in a government that was "of the people, by the people, and for the people." This idea of equality was enshrined in the Declaration of Independence, which stated that "all men are created equal." This was a radical departure from the European system of government, which was based on social hierarchy, with the noble class at the top.
Additionally, the United States was a new country that was formed out of a desire for independence. The landowners who resided in the United States were primarily farmers and small business owners who did not have the same vested interest in maintaining a noble class as their counterparts in Europe. Furthermore, the United States was a melting pot of immigrants from all over the world, which made it difficult to establish a single, unified noble class.
In conclusion, the United States did not develop a noble class because it was founded on the principles of equality and independence. These values were enshrined in the Declaration of Independence and were central to the American identity. While the European system of government may have worked for them, the United States needed a new system that would work for its unique situation and values.
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What naval advancement did Themistocles develop for the Athenians? PLS ANSWER ASAP
A: Built larger ships that could withstand attacks.
B: Equipped battleships with underwater rams.
C: Small, fast ships.
D: Included towers on the ships that allowed archers a better line of sight.
The naval advancement developed by Themistocles for the Athenians was equipped battleships with underwater rams. So, option B is the right choice.
Themistocles played a significant role in transforming the Athenian navy by introducing a revolutionary innovation known as the trireme. These warships were equipped with a prominent underwater ram attached to the front. The ram was made of bronze and positioned at the waterline, enabling the Athenian ships to deliver powerful blows to enemy vessels by ramming into their sides.This development was crucial because it allowed the Athenians to gain a tactical advantage during naval battles. By incorporating underwater rams, the Athenian triremes became formidable weapons capable of inflicting damage and sinking enemy ships. The rams allowed the Athenians to exploit their naval prowess, as they could employ their maneuverability and speed to strike decisive blows against their adversaries. This advancement in naval technology significantly contributed to Athenian naval dominance in the ancient Mediterranean and played a crucial role in the outcome of battles such as the Battle of Salamis in 480 BCE.The right answer is B. Equipped battleships with underwater rams.
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hamiltonian economic measure repealed by jefferson and gallatin
One of the key Hamiltonian economic measures that was repealed by Thomas Jefferson and his Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin was the Excise Tax on Whiskey, also known as the Whiskey Tax.
The Whiskey Tax was implemented by Alexander Hamilton as part of his financial plan to stabilize the economy and generate revenue for the federal government. It was enacted in 1791 and imposed a tax on the production and sale of whiskey, which was a popular and profitable commodity at the time.
However, the Whiskey Tax was met with resistance, particularly in the western regions of the United States where whiskey production was prominent. Many farmers and distillers viewed the tax as burdensome and unfair, leading to widespread opposition and even violent protests, such as the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794.
When Thomas Jefferson assumed the presidency in 1801, he and his Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin sought to adopt a more limited and agrarian vision for the country, differing from Hamilton's vision of a strong central government and industrialization. As part of their efforts to dismantle Hamilton's economic system, they worked to repeal the Whiskey Tax.
In 1802, Jefferson and Gallatin successfully pushed for the repeal of the Whiskey Tax through legislation. Their rationale was based on a combination of economic, political, and ideological factors. They believed that the tax disproportionately burdened farmers and distillers in rural areas, undermining their economic prosperity. Additionally, they saw the tax as a symbol of excessive government power and favoritism towards the commercial and financial interests that Hamilton represented.
The repeal of the Whiskey Tax was part of Jefferson and Gallatin's broader approach of reducing the influence and reach of the federal government, promoting agrarian interests, and prioritizing state and individual rights. It marked a significant shift in economic policy away from Hamilton's fiscal program and towards a more decentralized and agrarian-oriented vision for the young nation.
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