an ionic equation shows species _______ in solution. this equation is the ________ accurate representation of the chemical change occurring.

In order to conduct PCR (polymerase chain reaction), the reagents included in the PCR bead should be template DNA, primers, DNA polymerase, dNTPs (deoxynucleotide triphosphates), and a buffer.

1. Template DNA is the target DNA that is to be amplified during the PCR process.

2. Primers are short pieces of single-stranded DNA that are complementary to the ends of the target DNA sequence.

3. DNA polymerase is an enzyme used to replicate the target DNA sequence.

4. dNTPs are the building blocks of DNA which include adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

5. Lastly, the buffer helps maintain the appropriate pH for the reaction to occur.

In conclusion, the PCR bead used in the experiment must have contained a template DNA, primers, DNA polymerase, dNTPs, and a buffer in order for PCR to take place.

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The mass of products produced in Scenario A would be greater than the mass of products produced in Scenario B.

This is because aerobic respiration produces more ATP (energy) per molecule of glucose than anaerobic respiration. In aerobic respiration, glucose is completely broken down into carbon dioxide and water, and a total of 36-38 ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule.

In anaerobic respiration, glucose is only partially broken down, and only 2 ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule. The additional ATP produced in aerobic respiration results in the formation of more metabolic products such as carbon dioxide and water, leading to a higher mass of products overall.

What is aerobic respiration ?

Aerobic respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy (in the form of ATP). This process takes place in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells. The process of aerobic respiration is highly efficient and allows organisms to extract a large amount of energy from glucose, producing up to 38 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose.

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Answer:

1. Date of birth.

2. Social security numbers.

3. Phone numbers.

4. Credit card details.

5. Home address.

6. Password information (or what they need to reset your password)

Explanation: They ask for any of the identification things you have.

The final concentration of a solution after dilution can be calculated using the formula C1V1 = C2V2, C2 and V2 are the final concentration and volume. The final concentration of the solution after the second dilution is 0.309 M.

To find the final concentration of the diluted solution, we can use the formula: C1V1 = C2V2. Where C1 is the initial concentration, V1 is the initial volume, C2 is the final concentration, and V2 is the final volume. First, we dilute a 78.0 ml portion of a 1.70 M solution to a total volume of 218 ml. Using the formula, we can find the final concentration: [tex](1.70 M)(78.0 ml) = C2(218 ml)[/tex]

[tex]C2 = (1.70 M)(78.0 ml) / (218 ml)[/tex]

[tex]C2 = 0.610 M[/tex]

[tex]C1V1 = C2V2[/tex]

[tex](0.610 M)(109 ml) = C2(109 ml + 115 ml)[/tex]

[tex]C2 = (0.610 M)(109 ml) / (109 ml + 115 ml)\\\C2 = 0.309 M[/tex]

Therefore, the final concentration of the solution after the second dilution is 0.309 M.

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The three molecules you built, with the correct central atoms, have different bond angles.

The bond angles in a molecule are determined by the number of electron groups around the central atom. In a molecule with two electron groups, such as water (H₂O), the bond angle is about 104.5°.

In a molecule with three electron groups, such as ammonia (NH₃), the bond angle is about 107°. In a molecule with four electron groups, such as methane (CH₄), the bond angle is about 109.5°. These bond angles have such a relation because of the number of electron groups present.

In a molecule with two electron groups, the electron groups are more widely spaced and thus form a wider bond angle. As the number of electron groups increases, the electron groups are closer together, forming a bond angle that is closer to the central atom.

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Answer:

The half-life of sodium-24 is approximately 12.1 hours.

Explanation:

The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the amount of time it takes for half of a sample to decay. We can use the following equation to calculate the half-life:

N = N0 * (1/2)^(t/T)

where N is the final amount, N0 is the initial amount, t is the time elapsed, and T is the half-life.

In this case, we know that the initial amount (N0) is 208 g, the final amount (N) is 13.0 g, and the time elapsed (t) is 60.0 hours. We can solve for the half-life (T) by rearranging the equation as follows:

T = t / log2(N0/N)

T = 60.0 hours / log2(208 g / 13.0 g)

T = 60.0 hours / 4.97

T = 12.1 hours

A 2.90 m solution of methanol (ch3oh) in water has a density of 0.984 g/ml has no mass percentage, The molarity of the solution is  0.000872 M and the mole percent of the solute in the solution is 0.0018%.

a) Mass percent

The mass percent of solute in the solution is the mass of the solute divided by the mass of the solution, then multiplied by 100. The mass percent of the solute in the given solution is computed below:

Mass of the solution = Volume of the solution × Density of the solution

= 2.90 L × 0.984 g/mL= 2.8476 g

Mass of the solute = Mass of the solution - Mass of water= 2.8476 g - (2.90 L × 1000 g/L) = -5.40 g

Mass percent = (mass of solute / mass of solution) × 100

= (-5.40 g / 2.8476 g) × 100= -189.89% (not possible)

Therefore, the mass percent of solute in the solution is not possible.

b) Molarity

The number of moles of solute present in the given solution is first calculated:

Molar mass of CH3OH = 12.01 + 3(1.01) + 16.00 = 32.04 g/mol

Mass of CH3OH in solution = Volume of solution × Density of solution × Mass percent of solute / 100

= 2.90 L × 0.984 g/mL × 2.89% / 100 = 0.0810 g

Moles of CH3OH in solution = mass of CH3OH / molar mass of CH3OH

= 0.0810 g / 32.04 g/mol= 0.00253 mol

Therefore, the molarity of the solution:

Molarity = Moles of solute / Volume of solution in liters

= 0.00253 mol / 2.90 L

=0.000872 M or 8.72 x 10^-4 Mc)

Therefore, the molarity of the solution is  0.000872 M or 8.72 x 10^-4 Mc)

c) Mole percent

The mole percent of the solute in the solution is computed as follows:

Mole fraction of solute = Moles of solute / Moles of solute + Moles of solvent

= 0.00253 / (0.00253 + 139.53)

= 0.000018 mole

Mole percent of solute = (mole fraction of solute × 100)

= (0.000018) × 100= 0.0018%

Therefore, the mole percent of the solute in the solution is 0.0018%.

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Acetate, the conjugate base of acetic acid, and hypochlorite, the conjugate base of hypochlorous acid, will have equal amounts.

For instance, the conjugate base of the weak acid acetic acid is the acetate ion. In order to create unionized acetic acid and the hydroxide ion, a soluble acetate salt, such as sodium acetate, will release acetate ions into the solution.

Acetic acid and hypochlorous acid will react when combined to produce their conjugate bases:

CH3COOH + HOCl ↔ CH3COO- + HClO

This reaction's equilibrium constant can be written as:

K = [CH3COO-][HClO] / [CH3COOH][HOCl]

[CH3COO-] = [CH3COOH] = 1.0 M

[HClO] = [HOCl] = 1.0 M

By entering these values as replacements in the equilibrium formula, we obtain:

K = (1.0 M) / (1.0 M)

= 1.0

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The molecular formula of a certain compound is x2O3. If 18.88 g of the compound contains 10 g of x, the atomic mass of x is approximately 54 g.

Let's assume that the number of atoms of X in the molecular formula is equal to 'a'.

Then, the molecular mass of the compound will be equal to:-

(a × atomic mass of X) + (2 × molar mass of O) = 2a(MX) + 3 × 16 = 2a(MX) + 48

The atomic mass of X can be determined by finding the value of a.

The molecular mass of the compound = 18.88 g/mol

Mass of X = 10 g

We can calculate the value of a by simplifying the equation:-

2a(MX) + 48 = 18.88MX = (18.88 - 48)/- 4aMX = 14/3a

Now, on substituting the values,

The atomic mass of X = (18.88 g/mol × [14/3a])/[2(14/3a) + 3 × 16]

On simplifying the above equation:-

The atomic mass of X = (9.44 × 3a)/[28a + 144] (The denominator can be simplified by factoring 4)

The atomic mass of X = (9.44 × 3a)/(4 × (7a + 36))= 2.4 g/mol

For the given question, the atomic mass of X is approximately 54 g, so the correct answer is option b.

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It is given that an aqueous solution of iron(iii) bromide, FeBr3, contains 3.90 grams of iron(iii) bromide and 17.8 grams of water. The percentage by mass of iron(iii) bromide in the solution is 18.03%.

The mass of the solution = mass of iron(iii) bromide + mass of water = 3.90 g + 17.8 g= 21.70 g

The mass percentage of iron(iii) bromide in the solution is given by the mass percentage.

Thus, mass percentage = (mass of iron(iii) bromide/mass of the solution) × 100%= (3.90/21.70) × 100%= 18.03%

Therefore, the percentage by mass of iron(iii) bromide, FeBr3, in the solution is 18.03%.

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Acid rain effects are detrimental to the environment. The most common method to neutralize acid rain is Lime Neutralization. When the pH level decreases, Acid rain becomes too acidic, and it can have an adverse effect on the environment

The acid rain causes the water to become too acidic and the pH level decreases. It is very harmful to plants and wildlife. It damages buildings and monuments and also affects the water bodies. It affects the aquatic life, and the creatures living in it. It is essential to prevent this from happening.

Several methods can be used to neutralize acid rain. They are as follows:

Lime neutralization: It is one of the most common methods to neutralize acid rain. It is a process in which lime is added to the water body to neutralize the acid content.

Buffering: The buffering capacity is used to treat the water. Buffering capacity is the ability of the water to neutralize acid. The water with a higher buffering capacity will neutralize more acid than the water with less buffering capacity.

Gas scrubbing: It is a process in which the smokestacks from factories and other industries are fitted with scrubbers. These scrubbers help in trapping the pollutants that are released into the atmosphere.

The pH level change plays a significant role in acid rain. When the pH level decreases, it becomes too acidic, and it can have an adverse effect on the environment. It can cause the aquatic life to die, and it can damage the buildings and monuments. It is crucial to control the pH level to prevent such damage. The pH level of 7 is considered neutral. The pH level lower than 7 is acidic, and higher than 7 is alkaline. Hence, it is essential to control the pH level to prevent damage from acid rain.

Thus, Acid rain effects are detrimental to the environment. And it is very important to prevent and control the pH level to prevent damage from acid rain.

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The statement is true about isotopes  is : Isotopes are the same element with different atomic masses. The statement is true about isotopes.

Isotopes are different forms of the same element that have the same number of protons in their nucleus but different numbers of neutrons.

This means they have the same atomic number but a different mass number. To find the isotopes of an element, look for the number of protons in the element's nucleus.

This number, also called the atomic number, is what identifies the element. The number of neutrons, on the other hand, can vary for different isotopes of the same element.

This is what gives each isotope a different mass number.To write an isotope, it is written in the form of element name-mass number.

For example, the isotopes of Carbon (C) are C-12, C-13, and C-14, which have 6, 7, and 8 neutrons, respectively. Isotopes are formed by natural processes such as radioactive decay or nuclear reactions.

They are also used in various applications like medical imaging, radiocarbon dating, and nuclear power generation.

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The specific heat capacity of the metal was determined to be 1,600 J/g°C

The specific heat capacity of a 50-gram piece of 1000°C metal is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of the metal by 1°C.

In order to raise 400 grams of 200°C water to 220°C, it would take 80,000 joules of energy (400g x (220-200) x 4.18 J/g°C). Therefore, the metal must provide 80,000 J of energy to raise the temperature of the water.

In order to determine the specific heat capacity of the metal, we must divide the energy required to raise the temperature of the water by the mass of the metal and the temperature change.

Therefore, the specific heat capacity of the metal is 1,600 J/g°C (80,000/50g x (1000-800)°C).

Specific heat capacity is an important concept in thermodynamics, which describes the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of a substance.

It is a measure of a material's ability to store thermal energy, and it can be used to calculate the amount of energy required to raise or lower the temperature of a given mass of material.

In this example, the specific heat capacity of the metal was determined to be 1,600 J/g°C. This means that, for every gram of metal, 1,600 joules of energy are required to raise its temperature by 1°C.

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The coordination sites in hemoglobin are 4 nitrogen atoms, 1 histidine, and 1 water molecule.

Ferrous iron (Fe²⁺) is octahedrally coordinated, which means it should have six ligands.

Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. The oxygen and carbon dioxide bind to heme, an iron-containing molecule in hemoglobin. Hemoglobin has a tetrameric structure, meaning it is composed of four subunits.

Each subunit of hemoglobin is made up of a heme group and a globin chain. The heme group consists of an iron ion coordinated with a porphyrin ring and an oxygen molecule. The globin chain is made up of amino acids that fold into a specific shape to bind the heme group.

Heme is coordinated to the iron ion through four nitrogen atoms in the porphyrin ring and one histidine residue in the globin chain. This forms a coordination complex known as a heme-iron-cysteine coordination sphere. A second histidine residue in the globin chain is located near the sixth coordination site on the iron ion, but it does not directly coordinate with the iron. Instead, it interacts with the bound oxygen molecule, stabilizing its binding to the heme group.

The sixth coordination site on the iron ion in heme is available to bind other ligands, but in hemoglobin, it is typically occupied by a water molecule. This water molecule can be displaced by carbon monoxide, which binds to the heme group with a higher affinity than oxygen, leading to carbon monoxide poisoning.

Overall, the coordination sites in hemoglobin are the four nitrogen atoms in the porphyrin ring, one histidine residue in the globin chain, and a water molecule or other ligand occupying the sixth coordination site on the iron ion.

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Answer: The compound H2C2O4 behaves as an acid when dissolved in water.

What are acids?

Acids are chemical compounds that donate protons, hydrogen ions, or accept electrons or lone pairs in chemical reactions. Acids increase the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.

Arrhenius acid: Arrhenius acid is any substance that provides an excess of H+ (hydronium ions) when dissolved in water, increasing the concentration of H+ ions in the solution.

What are bases?

Bases, like acids, are substances that contain elements or molecules that can interact with ions or protons in water. In water, bases, in general, decrease the concentration of hydrogen ions and increase the concentration of hydroxide ions. Base solutions may be defined as those with a pH greater than 7.

What is a solution?

A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances that is uniform throughout.

What is dissolution?

Dissolution is the process of dissolving a solute in a solvent to form a solution. Solutes: Solutes are the substances that are dissolved in a solvent to create a solution. Solvents: Solvents are the substances in which solutes dissolve to create a solution.

Which of the given compounds behave as acids when they are dissolved in water?

The following are the given compounds: Ca(OH)2KOHHIH2C2O4 Of all the given compounds, the compound H2C2O4 behaves as an acid when it is dissolved in water.

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Polar covalent bonds are formed when the electrons in the bond are not shared equally between the two nuclei. One of these molecules contains polar bonds is H2O.

Polarity occurs when the electron pair of a bond is unevenly distributed between two atoms. A polar bond has a positive and negative end, unlike a nonpolar bond. The polarity of a bond can be determined by a difference in electronegativity between two atoms. Polar covalent bond is a type of covalent bond in which the atoms share electrons in an unequal manner.

Polar covalent bonds have a positive and a negative end. The positive end of the bond is that part of the bond that is less electronegative, whereas the negative end is that part of the bond that is more electronegative. The molecule that contains polar bonds is H2O (water), the bond between the oxygen atom and the hydrogen atoms in water is polar because the oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms, causing the electrons to be drawn closer to the oxygen atom, creating a partial negative charge on the oxygen and a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms. As a result, water has a polarity.

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The empirical formula of the given compound can be determined as follows the CHOS or C3H4O3.

According to the given data, the compound citric acid contains 37.51% C, 4.20% H, and 58.29% O by mass. So, let's assume that we have 100 g of citric acid, and then, we can find the masses of each element present in it: Mass of carbon = 37.51 gMass of hydrogen = 4.20 g. Mass of oxygen = 58.29 g.

Next, we need to convert the masses into the number of moles using the molar masses of the elements. The molar mass of carbon = 12.01 g/mol, Number of moles of carbon = 37.51 g / 12.01 g/mol = 3.124 molMolar mass of hydrogen = 1.01 g/molNumber of moles of hydrogen = 4.20 g / 1.01 g/mol = 4.158 molMolar mass of oxygen = 16.00 g/molNumber of moles of oxygen = 58.29 g / 16.00 g/mol = 3.643 follow, we need to find the simplest whole-number ratio of these moles by dividing them by the smallest number of moles, which is 3.124 mol: Carbon = 3.124 mol / 3.124 mol = 1Hydrogen = 4.158 mol / 3.124 mol = 1.33 ≈ 1Oxygen = 3.643 mol / 3.124 mol = 1.17 ≈ 1So, the empirical formula of citric acid is CHOS or C3H4O3.

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Answer:

2.41 m

Explanation:

2.41×10×10=241cm

241÷100=2.41

At the equivalence point of a titration between 24.6 mL of 0.389 M ethylamine, C2H5NH2, and 0.325 M hydroiodic acid, the pH is 0.

At the equivalence point of a titration between 24.6 mL of 0.389 M ethylamine, C2H5NH2, and 0.325 M hydroiodic acid, the pH is 0. The equation for the reaction is:

C2H5NH2 + HI → C2H5NH3+ + I-

The number of moles of hydroiodic acid, HI, needed to reach the equivalence point is equal to the number of moles of ethylamine, C2H5NH2. To calculate this, use the following equation:

Moles of HI = Moles of C2H5NH2

Volume of C2H5NH2 x Molarity of C2H5NH2 = Volume of HI x Molarity of HI

24.6 mL x 0.389 M = Volume of HI x 0.325 M

Volume of HI = 24.6 mL x 0.389 M / 0.325 M

Volume of HI = 30.53 mL

At the equivalence point, the pH of the solution is 0.

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The coefficient of variation is 4%.

Coefficient of variation is the ratio of standard deviation to the mean, expressed as a percentage. It is used to compare the variability of data sets with different means. The formula for calculating the coefficient of variation is:

Coefficient of variation = (standard deviation / mean) x 100

Given the glucose level control mean of 100 mg/dl and the standard deviation is 4 mg/dl, the coefficient of variation can be calculated as follows:

Coefficient of variation = (standard deviation / mean) x 100

Coefficient of variation = (4 / 100) x 100

Coefficient of variation = 4%

Therefore, the coefficient of variation is 4%.

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The pH at the start of the titration, before any barium hydroxide has been added, is 5.88.

Hydrocyanic acid (HCN) is a weak acid, so we can use the equation for the ionization of HCN in water to calculate the pH of the solution:

HCN + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + CN-

The acid dissociation constant (Ka) for HCN is 4.9 x 10^-10. At the start of the titration, before any barium hydroxide has been added, the solution contains only HCN and water. We can use the initial concentration of HCN and the Ka value to calculate the initial concentration of H3O+:

Ka = [H3O+][CN-] / [HCN]

[H3O+] = √(Ka x [HCN]) = √(4.9 x 10^-10 x 0.334) = 1.32 x 10^-6 M

The pH of the solution can be calculated using the equation:

pH = -log[H3O+]

pH = -log(1.32 x 10^-6) = 5.88

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v = 20/5

  = 4m/s

Velocity equals distance over time.

Answer: There are 2.41 * 102 molecules in 4.00 moles of glucose.

Explanation: Glucose is C6H12O6, and Avogadro's Number (named for Amadeo Carlo Avogadro 1776 – 1856) tells us that 1 mole contains 6.022 x 10^23 molecules. So, 4.0 moles contains 4 x 6.022 x 10^23 = 2.409 x 10^24 molecules.

Diffusion, nucleation, and crystal growth are the physical processes by which atoms rearrange during phase transformations in the solid state.

Phase transformations in the solid state refer to a type of reaction that happens to the solid state of matter, which results in different properties of the substance.

It is important to note that the process of phase transformation happens through different physical processes that include evaporation, melting, sublimation, and condensation, among others.

During phase transformation in the solid state, atoms undergo a rearrangement process that changes the physical properties of the solid into a different phase. This process usually happens in a few ways, such as:

- Diffusion: This is the movement of atoms from one place to another due to the application of heat or pressure, which allows the atoms to shift positions within the solid. The diffusion process enables the atoms to break and form new bonds, resulting in phase transformation.
- Nucleation: This is a process that happens when the solid phase undergoes a change, which causes the formation of new atoms or molecules. This process typically occurs in areas where there is a higher concentration of atoms, and it takes place due to the application of heat or pressure.
- Crystal Growth: This is a process that happens when the atoms of a solid phase come together to form a new crystal structure. The crystal structure has a different arrangement of atoms, which results in different physical properties.

These processes change the physical properties of the solid into a different phase, resulting in different properties.

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Answer:

yes because temperature is the moles of the initial respectively in the volume torr and 433 torr fixed the temperature heliums gas sample by 153 ml thank you

Answer : When mixing 538 grams of a substance into 647 ml of water, the concentration of the resulting solution in g/L is 0.83.

The concentration of the resulting solution in g/L can be calculated by dividing the mass of the substance (538 g) by the total volume of the solution (647 ml). This gives us a result of 0.83 g/L.

To further explain this calculation, we must first understand the concepts of mass and volume. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter an object contains. Volume, on the other hand, is the amount of space occupied by a given object. When mixing 538 grams of a substance into 647 ml of water, we are creating a solution with a certain concentration of the substance.

To calculate the concentration of the resulting solution, we must divide the mass of the substance (538 g) by the total volume of the solution (647 ml). This gives us a result of 0.83 g/L.

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When you run a column in a less polar solvent and then rerun the same column in a more polar solvent, the spots in the column will move with different distances.

During this process, some of the spots will move with longer distances while others will move with shorter distances.

The spots that move with longer distances will be considered more polar and the spots that move with shorter distances will be considered less polar.

There are several factors that influence the movement of the spots in a column chromatography. The polarity of the solvent is one of the most important factors.

A polar solvent will attract polar compounds, while a nonpolar solvent will attract nonpolar compounds.

The spots in a column chromatography will move with different distances depending on the polarity of the solvent used.

In a less polar solvent, the spots will move with shorter distances because the solvent is not able to dissolve the more polar compounds as efficiently.

a more polar solvent, the spots will move with longer distances because the solvent is able to dissolve the more polar compounds more efficiently.

This is because a more polar solvent has a higher affinity for the polar compounds than a less polar solvent.Overall, the movement of the spots in a column chromatography is determined by the polarity of the solvent used.

When you run a column in a less polar solvent and then rerun the same column in a more polar solvent, the spots in the column will move with different distances.

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Answer: The percent ionization of 0.135 m lactic acid in a solution containing 0.0085 m sodium lactate is 10000%.

The percent ionization of 0.135 m lactic acid in a solution containing 0.0085 m sodium lactate is the ratio of the concentration of ionized lactic acid to the total concentration of lactic acid multiplied by 100.

The formula to calculate the percent ionization is:

% Ionization = [([Lactic Acid]i - [Sodium Lactate]) / [Lactic Acid]] × 100

Where [Lactic Acid]i is the concentration of ionized lactic acid and [Sodium Lactate] is the concentration of sodium lactate.

To solve for the percent ionization, we first need to calculate the concentration of ionized lactic acid. This can be done using the following formula:

[Lactic Acid]i = [Lactic Acid] + [Sodium Lactate]

We are given the concentrations of lactic acid and sodium lactate in the solution, so we can now calculate the concentration of ionized lactic acid:

[Lactic Acid]i = 0.135 + 0.0085 = 0.1435 M

Now that we have the concentration of ionized lactic acid, we can use the first formula to calculate the percent ionization:

% Ionization = [(0.1435 - 0.0085) / 0.135] × 100

% Ionization = (0.1350 / 0.135) × 100

% Ionization = 100 × 100

% Ionization = 10000%

To express the percent ionization to two significant figures, we round the answer to 10000% to 2 sig figs: 10000% ≈ 10000%. Therefore, the percent ionization of 0.135 m lactic acid in a solution containing 0.0085 m sodium lactate is 10000%.


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