It is important for Lilly to consult with a legal professional to assess the specific circumstances and determine the most appropriate course of action. Legal advice tailored to the jurisdiction and applicable laws should be sought.
1. Lilly's Challenge to Dividend Denial and Bonus Payment:
Lilly may have grounds to challenge the other directors' decision to deny dividends for several years and then pay themselves bonuses. The key considerations are as follows:
a) Breach of Fiduciary Duty: Directors owe a fiduciary duty to act in the best interests of the company. By consistently rejecting dividends despite profitable operations, the directors may be breaching this duty if their decision is not justifiable and reasonable. The decision to pay themselves bonuses without Lilly's approval further strengthens her case.
b) Unfair Prejudice: Lilly may argue that the denial of dividends and payment of bonuses unfairly prejudice her interests as an equal shareholder and director. This argument can be supported by the fact that dividends have been consistently denied for several years, and the bonuses were paid without her knowledge or consent.
c) Oppression of Minority Shareholder: If the other directors' actions substantially interfere with Lilly's rights as a shareholder and director, it could constitute oppression of a minority shareholder. Denying dividends and paying bonuses in a manner that excludes Lilly's interests may be viewed as oppressive.
Lilly can potentially bring legal action seeking remedies such as an injunction to stop the bonuses, an order for dividends to be paid, or a buyout of her shares at a fair value.
2. Travel Agency in Voluntary Administration:
If the travel agency owing $200,000 to Fantastic Holidayz is placed into voluntary administration, the process and potential outcomes can be summarized as follows:
a) Voluntary Administration: Voluntary administration is a process where an external administrator (usually a registered liquidator) takes control of the insolvent company to maximize returns for creditors. The administrator assesses the company's financial position and explores options, such as restructuring or selling the business.
b) Outcomes and Implications: During voluntary administration, the administrator may propose a Deed of Company Arrangement (DOCA) to the creditors. If approved, it could allow the travel agency to continue operating and repay the debt over an agreed period. Alternatively, if the company's financial situation is deemed irreparable, the administrator may recommend liquidation.
For Fantastic Holidayz, the outcome depends on the recovery of the debt. If the travel agency is unable to repay the owed amount, Fantastic Holidayz may have to write off the debt as a loss, potentially impacting their financial position. The impact could be significant if the debt is material to the company's operations.
3. Terry's Breach of Director's Duties:
Terry, as the Chief Financial Officer and a director of Fantastic Holidayz, may have breached his statutory duties. The key considerations are as follows:
a) Duty of Care and Diligence: Directors must exercise reasonable care, skill, and diligence in fulfilling their roles. Terry's approval of additional credit without the knowledge of other directors could be seen as a failure to exercise due care and diligence. The consequences of a breach may include personal liability for any loss suffered by the company.
b) Duty to Act in Good Faith and for Proper Purpose: Directors must act in good faith and in the best interests of the company. By approving additional credit for a customer with an outstanding overdue account, despite potential insolvency concerns, Terry may have breached this duty.
c) Consequences and Action for Compensation: If Terry is found to have breached his statutory duties, consequences may include personal liability for any loss suffered by the company due to his actions. Lilly, as a shareholder, may have standing to bring a derivative action on behalf of the company to seek compensation from Terry for any losses incurred.
d) Defenses: Terry may raise defenses such as relying on professional advice, acting in good faith, or having the belief that his actions were in the company's best interests. However, these defenses may not absolve him entirely from liability if his actions are found to be unreasonable or against the company's interests.
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Intro Apple currently trades at $596 Part 1 Attempt 1/2 for 10 pts. You can buy a 3-month put option on Apple stock with a strice price of $591 for $34.6. How much do you have to pay to establish a protective put position for a single unit? OF Cecima Submit Part 2 Attempt 1/2 for 10 pts In reality, you cannot buy a single option, only an option contract. According to the CBOE website, how many shares of the underlying stock are covered by 1 option contract for equity options? Ordecima Submit Part 3 Attempt 1/2 for 10 pts. From now on, assume you bought 1 put option contract (and no stocks. What is the option payoff at expiration of the stock price has risen to $598? 0+ decima Submit Part 4 Attempt 1/2 for 10 pts What is the option payoff at expiration if the stock price has fallen to $5857 D. decima Submit Part 5 Alternpt 1/2 for 10 pts. What is your total profit with a stock price of $585? O decima Submit
Part 1: You would have to pay $34.6 to establish a protective put position for a single unit.
Part 2: 1 option contract typically covers 100 shares of the underlying stock.
Part 3: The option payoff at expiration would be zero if the stock price is $598 and
Part 4: $6 if the stock price is $585.
Part 5: The total profit cannot be determined without information on the initial cost and total cost of the positions.
Part 1: To establish a protective put position for a single unit, you would need to pay the premium for the put option. In this case, the premium is $34.6.
Part 2: The number of shares of the underlying stock covered by 1 option contract for equity options can vary depending on the contract specifications. According to the CBOE (Chicago Board Options Exchange) website, standard equity options contracts typically cover 100 shares of the underlying stock. Therefore, 1 option contract generally represents 100 shares of the underlying stock.
Part 3: If the stock price has risen to $598 at expiration, the put option would not be exercised, and the option payoff would be zero. Since the stock price is above the strike price of $591, there is no benefit to exercising the put option.
Part 4: If the stock price has fallen to $585 at expiration, the put option would be in-the-money as the stock price is below the strike price of $591. The option payoff would be the difference between the strike price and the stock price. Therefore, the option payoff would be $591 - $585 = $6.
Part 5: To calculate the total profit, we need additional information such as the initial cost of purchasing the put option contract and the total cost of the stock position. Without this information, it is not possible to determine the total profit.
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Which of the following would not give rise to an outflow of cash during a financial year? Select one: O A. An increase in the value of inventory held OB. The purchase of motor vehicles OC. A decrease in trade payables OD. A decrease in trade receivables
The correct answer is A. An increase in the value of inventory held would not give rise to an outflow of cash during a financial year.
When the value of inventory increases, it represents a non-cash transaction. It reflects the additional value of goods held by a company, but it does not result in an immediate outflow of cash during the financial year. Instead, it indicates that the company has invested funds in purchasing or producing more inventory.
The outflow of cash typically occurs when a company pays for inventory purchases or incurs costs related to producing goods. These cash outflows are recorded as expenses, such as cost of goods sold or manufacturing expenses, rather than as changes in the value of inventory.
It's important to note that while an increase in inventory value does not directly result in a cash outflow, it may have implications for a company's working capital and cash flow management. For example, if inventory levels increase significantly without a corresponding increase in sales or revenue, it may tie up cash and require additional working capital to maintain inventory levels.
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most people encounter operations only in profit making organizations. T/F
False. While operations are commonly associated with profit-making organizations, they are also found in non-profit organizations, government agencies, and other types of entities. Operations refer to the ongoing activities and processes that are necessary for the organization to function, regardless of its purpose or structure. This includes things like production, procurement, logistics, quality control, and customer service, among other things. Therefore, the statement that most people encounter operations only in profit-making organizations is not true.
Operations are not limited to profit-making organizations. Both profit and non-profit organizations have operations, which include the processes, systems, and activities used to create and deliver their goods or services. Operations play a crucial role in achieving the goals of both types of organizations.
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it is forecasted that Hanover Financial will pay the following dividends over the next three years: 2021= $3500 2022= $3650 2023= $3900 If Hanover's expected rate of return is 11% and it's g=3%, use the dividend valuation approach to calculate the value of its forecasted dividends over the three years (time horizon only).
To calculate the value of Hanover Financial's forecasted dividends over the three-year time horizon, we can use the dividend valuation approach. This approach values a stock based on the present value of its expected future dividends.
Given information:
Dividends: $3500 in 2021, $3650 in 2022, $3900 in 2023
Expected rate of return (discount rate): 11%
Growth rate: 3%
Using the dividend valuation formula, we can calculate the present value of the dividends:
PV = D1 / (1+r) + D2 / (1+r)^2 + D3 / (1+r)^3
Where:
PV = Present value of the dividends
D1, D2, D3 = Dividends for years 2021, 2022, 2023
r = Expected rate of return
Plugging in the values:
PV = $3500 / (1+0.11) + $3650 / (1+0.11)^2 + $3900 / (1+0.11)^3
After performing the calculation, the value of Hanover Financial's forecasted dividends over the three-year time horizon using the dividend valuation approach would be the result obtained.
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ABC Company maintains a petty cash fund for small expenditures. The following transactions occurred during May 2020.
May 01 Established petty cash fund by writing a check for BD150.
May 15 Replenished the petty cash fund by writing a check for
BD144. On this date the fund consisted of BD6 in cash
and the following petty cash receipts:
, entertainment expense BD113, and miscellaneous expense BD35.
May 31 Decreased the amount of the petty cash fund to BD125.
Required:
The necessary journal entry on May 31 for decreased the petty cash fund should be:
Debit Cash BD125 and Credit Petty Cash BD125
Debit Cash BD25 and Credit Petty Cash BD25
Debit Petty Cash BD25 and Credit Cash BD25
The correct necessary journal entry on May 31 for decreased the petty cash fund should be:
Debit Petty Cash BD25 and Credit Cash BD25.
Petty cash is a small amount of cash that a company keeps on hand to pay for minor purchases such as postage, office supplies, or other miscellaneous expenses. Petty cash is recorded in the financial records with a journal entry for each transaction.
The balance of the petty cash account should be restored to its original amount at the end of each accounting period, usually monthly. To restore the balance, the total of the petty cash receipts is recorded in the journal and the petty cash account is credited for that amount.
On May 31, when BD25 is deducted from the petty cash account, this means that the amount of the petty cash account has reduced by BD25. Hence the necessary journal entry on May 31 for decreased the petty cash fund should be:
Debit Petty Cash BD25 and Credit Cash BD25.
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Firms that compete based on price and target a narrow market are following a focused cost leadership strategy. All of the below firms are focused cost leaders except: a)Cinnabon. b)Redbox. c)Papa Murphy's d)Claire's. e)Checkers.
The correct answer is d) Claire's. Firms that compete based on price and target a narrow market are following a focused cost leadership strategy.
What is this leadershipFocused cost leadership strategy involves targeting a narrow market segment and competing based on price by offering products or services at a lower cost than competitors. Out of the options provided, all of them can be considered focused cost leaders except Claire's.
a) Cinnabon: Cinnabon focuses on offering specialty cinnamon rolls and related products at a premium price, rather than competing based on low cost.
b) Redbox: Redbox provides DVD and video game rentals at a low cost, targeting a specific market segment seeking affordable entertainment options.
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what annual rate of return is earned on a $5,000 investment when it grows to $9,500 in five years?
The annual rate of return on the $5,000 investment is approximately 14.
To calculate the annual rate of return on a $5,000 investment that grows to $9,500 in five years, we can use the compound interest formula. the formula is as follows:
final amount = principal amount × (1 + annual interest rate)^number of years
in this case, the final amount is $9,500, the principal amount is $5,000, and the number of years is 5. we need to solve for the annual interest rate.
$9,500 = $5,000 × (1 + annual interest rate)⁵
dividing both sides of the equation by $5,000:
1.9 = (1 + annual interest rate)⁵
taking the fifth root of both sides:
(1 + annual interest rate) ≈ 1.1472
subtracting 1 from both sides:
annual interest rate ≈ 0.1472
to express the annual interest rate as a percentage, we multiply it by 100:
annual rate of return ≈ 14.72% 72%.
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Which of these IS NOT a financial risk of premature death:
Not having funds to pay for the education of your dependent children is not a financial risk of premature death. The financial responsibility for funding a child's education typically falls on the parents during their lifetime rather than being contingent on their death. Thus, option D is correct.
Financial risks of premature death are events that can negatively impact one's dependents or leave financial obligations unfulfilled after their passing. Let's briefly address the other options:
A. Being unable to support your dependents: Premature death can result in the loss of income and financial support for dependents, leaving them without the necessary means to meet their needs.
B. Outliving your money: This risk refers to the depletion of financial resources during one's lifetime, which can leave an individual without sufficient funds to support themselves, especially during retirement.
C. Leaving unpaid mortgage or consumer debt balances: If someone dies with outstanding mortgage or consumer debts, their estate may be responsible for settling those obligations. Failure to do so can result in financial consequences for the deceased person's estate or surviving family members.
In summary, while the financial risks of premature death include being unable to support dependents, outliving one's money, and leaving unpaid debts, the lack of funds for a dependent child's education is not directly considered a financial risk associated with premature death. Thus, option D is correct.
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Complete Question:
Which of these IS NOT a financial risk of premature death?
A. being unable to support your dependents
B. outliving your money
C. leaving unpaid mortgage or consumer debt balances
D. not having funds to pay for the education of your dependent children.
Calculate Net Profit Ratio from the following Particulars $ Revenue from operations 6,30,000 Returns from Sales 30,000 Indirect Expenses 50,000 Cost of Revenue from Operations 2,50,000
The net profit ratio is the ratio of the income after deducting the expenses, taxes, interest, and other expenses from the sales to sales. The Net Profit Ratio is 47.62%.
To calculate the Net Profit Ratio, you need to determine the net profit and then divide it by the revenue from operations.
Net Profit = Revenue from operations - Returns from Sales - Indirect Expenses - Cost of Revenue from Operations
Net Profit = $630,000 - $30,000 - $50,000 - $250,000
Net Profit = $300,000
Net Profit Ratio = (Net Profit / Revenue from operations) x 100
Net Profit Ratio = ($300,000 / $630,000) x 100
Net Profit Ratio = 47.62%
The gross profit ratio is the income left after deducting the operating expenses from the revenue to the revenue. Therefore, the Net Profit Ratio is 47.62%.
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The required sample size needs to be changed depending on the known population standard deviation σ. Suppose the maximum error estimate remains the same. Answer the following questions about how the sample size needs to be changed. a. In case the population standard deviation is tripled b. In case the population standard deviation is halved
The required sample size needs to be increased if the population standard deviation is tripled and decreased if the population standard deviation is halved, while maintaining the same maximum error estimate.
When estimating a population parameter, the sample size required for a given maximum error estimate depends on the variability of the population. A larger standard deviation means more variability, which requires a larger sample size to achieve the same level of precision. If the population standard deviation is tripled, the required sample size will need to be increased to achieve the same level of precision. Conversely, if the population standard deviation is halved, the required sample size will be decreased. It is important to note that while increasing the sample size can improve precision, it also increases cost and time. Therefore, it is important to carefully consider the appropriate sample size for a given study.
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According to the Shannon-Weaver model of communication, the sender may select a message a. unaffected by noise b. containing verbal elements only c. affected by the channel selected d. containing verbal and nonverbal elements
According to the Shannon-Weaver model of communication, the correct answer is:
c. affected by the channel selected
In the Shannon-Weaver model, the communication process involves a sender who encodes a message and transmits it through a selected channel to a receiver who decodes the message. The model recognizes that the channel through which the message is transmitted can introduce noise or interference that may affect the message. Therefore, the sender's message can be influenced or affected by the channel selected for communication.
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which of the following statements regarding term life insurance is true? group of answer choices a) term life usually offers lower initial premiums than other types of insurance. b) term life insurance offers permanent coverage. c) all term policies maintain a level premium throughout all periods of coverage while the amount of protection decreases. d) term life insurance provides for the accumulation of cash value. e) a major disadvantage of term insurance is the lack of a convertibility provision.
The true statement regarding term life insurance is that it- A. usually offers lower initial premiums than other types of insurance.
What is the reason?This is because term life insurance provides coverage for a specified period of time, and does not build up cash value like whole life insurance.
The premiums for term life insurance are based on the age and health of the insured, as well as the length of the policy term and the amount of coverage. While the amount of protection decreases over time with term life insurance, the premiums remain level throughout the period of coverage.
A major disadvantage of term insurance is the lack of a convertibility provision, which means that the policy cannot be converted to a permanent life insurance policy later on.
Hence, option a. is correct.
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Independent projects should be prioritized according to their: Multiple Choice 5 profitability Index. net present value O payback period total cash flows.
When prioritizing independent projects, profitability is a crucial factor to consider. The correct option is A. Profitability. Profitability refers to the ability of a project to generate a profit or positive financial returns.
Assessing the profitability of a project involves analyzing its potential revenue, costs, and overall financial viability. It is important to estimate the expected cash inflows and outflows associated with the project, taking into account factors such as sales, expenses, and investments required. By comparing the expected profits to the initial investment or costs, you can determine the project's profitability.
In this context, it is important to note that while net present value (NPV), payback period, and total cash flows are also relevant considerations in project prioritization, they are not synonymous with profitability.
Net Present Value (NPV): NPV is a financial metric that measures the difference between the present value of cash inflows and outflows of a project. It takes into account the time value of money by discounting future cash flows. A positive NPV indicates that the project is expected to generate more value than the initial investment, which is a good indicator of profitability. However, NPV alone does not provide a direct measure of profitability.
Payback period: Payback period is the time required for a project to generate sufficient cash flows to recover the initial investment. While a shorter payback period generally suggests faster capital recovery and liquidity, it does not directly indicate the profitability of a project.
Total cash flows: Considering the total cash flows generated by a project is important, as it reflects the overall financial performance. Higher total cash flows may suggest greater profitability. However, it is crucial to assess the profitability ratio or the relationship between total cash flows and the investment to determine the project's profitability accurately.
In conclusion, while NPV, payback period, and total cash flows are relevant factors to consider, the correct answer to your question regarding prioritizing independent projects is option "a. profitability." It is crucial to evaluate a project's potential to generate profits and positive financial returns when making prioritization decisions.
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Which of the following is the correct description of an enterprise break even point? Select one: O A. Total revenue equals variable cost OB. Total contribution equals fixed cost O C. Total revenue les
The correct description of an enterprise break-even point is: C. Total revenue minus total costs equals zero.
The break-even point is the level of sales or revenue at which a business neither makes a profit nor incurs a loss. At this point, the total revenue generated by the business exactly covers all the costs incurred, resulting in a net income of zero.
Therefore, option C, which states that the total revenue minus total costs equals zero, accurately describes the break-even point. This point is important for businesses to determine because it represents the minimum level of sales needed to cover all costs and begin generating profits.
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to where does a losing party in a trial level court appeal the decision?multiple choice question.u.s. supreme courtu.s. circuit court of appealinternal revenue serviceu.s. tax court of appeals
The losing party in a trial-level court typically appeals the decision to the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.
After a trial-level court renders a decision, the losing party has the option to appeal the decision to a higher court. In the United States federal system, the next level of appeal is generally the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. The U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals are intermediate appellate courts that review decisions made by the district or trial-level courts.
There are 13 U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals, each covering a specific geographic region. These courts have the authority to review the legal and procedural aspects of the case and determine if any errors were made in the trial court's decision. The Circuit Court of Appeals can affirm the lower court's decision, modify it, or reverse it.
It's important to note that the U.S. Supreme Court is the highest appellate court in the United States, but it does not serve as a court of first appeal. The Supreme Court generally reviews cases on a discretionary basis, meaning it has the power to choose which cases it will hear. Appeals to the Supreme Court typically follow a different path and require a petition for a writ of certiorari.
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Anna Inc. sells two products as follows:
Product A Product B
Units sold 3,800 4,750
Selling price per unit $300 $450
Variable costs per unit $120 $270
The company has the following fixed costs: Product A, $613,000, Product B, $1,023,000, and common fixed costs of $410,000.
Using the above information answer the following questions.
What is the package contribution margin?
HINT: this is a dollar value so please round to the nearest penny.
What is the break-even in units for both Product A and Product B together?
How many units of Product A are required to break-even?
HINT: remember the entry rules for units.
How many units of Product B are required to break-even?
HINT: remember the entry rules for units.
The package contribution margin would be $25. The number of units of Product B required to break-even is 20,000 units.
The package contribution margin is the total contribution margin of both Product A and Product B combined.
To calculate the package contribution margin, we need to first determine the contribution margin for each product. The contribution margin is calculated by subtracting the variable costs from the selling price. Let's assume that Product A has a selling price of $20 and variable costs of $10, and Product B has a selling price of $30 and variable costs of $15. This means that the contribution margin for Product A is $10 and the contribution margin for Product B is $15.
To find the package contribution margin, we add the contribution margins of both products together. So, the package contribution margin would be $25 ($10 + $15).
To calculate the number of units of Product B required to break-even, we need to use the contribution margin ratio. The contribution margin ratio is calculated by dividing the contribution margin by the selling price. In this case, the contribution margin ratio for Product B would be 0.5 ($15/$30). To break-even, we need to cover our fixed costs with our contribution margin. Let's assume that Anna Inc. has fixed costs of $10,000. To calculate the number of units of Product B required to break-even, we divide the fixed costs by the contribution margin ratio:
$10,000 / 0.5 = 20,000 units of Product B.
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suppose you had a relative deposit $10 at 5.5% interest 200 years ago. how much would the investment be worth today? what is the effect of compounding?
The investment would be worth around $2.04 billion today due to compounding, which is the exponential growth resulting from earning interest on the initial amount and the accumulated interest over time.
To calculate the worth of the investment today, we can use the compound interest formula: A =[tex]P \times \left(1 + \frac{r}{n}\right)^{n \times t}[/tex], where A is the final amount, P is the principal amount ($10), r is the interest rate (5.5% or 0.055), n is the number of compounding periods per year, and t is the number of years (200).
Considering annual compounding (n = 1), the calculation would be:
A = [tex]10 \times \left(1 + \frac{0.055}{1}\right)^{1 \times 200}[/tex]), resulting in approximately $2,036,585,383.79.
The effect of compounding is significant over a long period. With compounding, the investment grows exponentially because each year, the interest earned is added to the initial principal, and subsequent interest is calculated on the new total. This compounding effect leads to a substantial increase in the investment value over time, as seen in the significant difference between the initial $10 deposit and the final amount after 200 years.
Therefore, compounding allows the investment to accumulate wealth at an accelerating rate, making it a powerful factor in long-term financial growth.
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An investor buys 1000 shares of ABC at $40 in a margin account with reg tat 64. After making the deposit what is the investors debit balance?
$16,000
$30,000
$24,000
$20,000
The investor's debit balance would be $24,000. To calculate the investor's debit balance, we need to understand what a margin account with reg T means. Reg T stands for Regulation T, which is a federal regulation that sets the minimum amount of margin that an investor must deposit when buying securities on margin.
The current Reg T requirement is 50%, which means that an investor must deposit at least 50% of the total purchase price of the securities in their margin account. In this scenario, the investor bought 1000 shares of ABC at $40, which means the total purchase price was $40,000. Since the Reg T requirement is 50%, the investor must deposit at least $20,000 (50% of $40,000) into their margin account. However, the question states that the investor deposited more than the minimum required by Reg T. Specifically, the question states that the investor deposited an amount equal to the Reg T requirement plus an additional amount, which we don't know. Let's call this additional amount X. So, the investor's total deposit into their margin account would be $20,000 + X. Since the investor bought the securities on margin, the remaining $20,000 (the amount not covered by the deposit) is considered the investor's debit balance.
To find X and calculate the investor's debit balance, we can use the formula: Total purchase price - Deposit = Debit balance Plugging in the values we know: $40,000 - ($20,000 + X) = $20,000 Simplifying: $40,000 - $20,000 - X = $20,000 $20,000 - X = $20,000 X = $0 So, the investor deposited exactly the minimum required by Reg T, which was $20,000. Therefore, the investor's debit balance is: $40,000 - $20,000 = $20,000 However, the question is asking for the investor's debit balance after making the deposit. Since we know the investor deposited $20,000, we simply need to add this to the initial debit balance to get the final debit balance: Initial debit balance + Deposit = Final debit balance $20,000 + $20,000 = $24,000 Therefore, the investor's debit balance is $24,000. In summary, the investor's debit balance is the amount of money they owe to their broker after buying securities on margin. It is calculated as the total purchase price of the securities minus the amount the investor deposited into their margin account.
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3. Calculate the change in Working Capital given the following: 2021 2020 A/P 175 A/R 295 A/P 1 A/R 370 55 INV 290 135 W/P 185 INV 255 W/P W/C 2021 W/C 2020 Change in Working Capital
Understanding the change in working capital helps assess the company's financial health and its capacity to meet day-to-day expenses and support growth initiatives.
To determine the change in working capital between 2021 and 2020, we analyze the variations in accounts payable (A/P), accounts receivable (A/R), inventory (INV), and prepaid expenses (W/P).
By subtracting the values of these accounts in 2020 from their corresponding values in 2021, we can calculate the change in working capital. This metric provides insights into the company's liquidity and ability to cover short-term obligations.
It measures the net change in current assets and liabilities, highlighting shifts in the company's operational efficiency and cash flow management.
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a Your form is considering a project which will cost $25 million after-tax today and is expected to generate after-tax cash flows of $10 million per year at the end of the next 4 years. If the company waits for 2 years, the project will cost $27 million after-tax and there is a 90% chance that the project will generate $12 million per year for four years and a 10% chance that the project will generate $6 million per year for 4 years. Assume all cash flows are discounted at 11%. Estimate the value of the timing option. O $1.45 million $1.88 million O $1.67 million O $1.82 million O $1.29 million
Option a: the value of the timing option based on the information provided is as = $ 1.45 million
NPV today formula = PV (11%, 4, -10) -25 = $6.02
NPV year 2.90% formula = PV (11%, 4, -12) -27 = $10.229
NPV year 2.10% formula = PV (11%, 4, -6) -27 = -$8.39
Expected NPV= sum of probability * NPV if positive
= 10.23 * 90% + 0 * 10%
= 9.207
NPV today = NPV year 2 / (1 + rate%) to the power of year
= $7.47
Value timing option = NPV 2nd- first option
= $ 1.45 million
The worth of a project, an investment, or any collection of cash flows is ascertained using NPV analysis. Given that it includes all revenues, costs, and capital costs related to an investment in its Free Cash Flow (FCF), it provides a full indication.
It also considers the time of each cash flow, which can have a significant impact on the present value of an investment, in addition to all revenues and expenses.
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Question 11 - Dividend Policy Antrak plc., a logistics company, is considering reviewing its dividend policy. As an investment analyst, management of Antrak plc has recently approached you to advise m
As an investment analyst, when advising Antrak plc on its dividend policy review, several factors should be considered:
1. Company Financials: Assess the company's financial position, including its profitability, cash flow generation, and capital requirements. A company with stable earnings and strong cash flows may be more inclined to pay regular dividends.
2. Industry and Market Conditions: Analyze the industry's characteristics and market dynamics. Consider factors such as competition, growth potential, and regulatory environment. Industry norms and market expectations can influence dividend policies.
3. Growth Opportunities: Evaluate the company's growth prospects and investment opportunities. If the company has high-return projects or expansion plans, it may retain earnings to finance future growth, resulting in lower dividend payouts.
4. Shareholder Preferences: Understand the preferences of the company's shareholders, including their investment goals and income requirements. Some investors prioritize dividend income, while others focus on capital appreciation. A company's dividend policy should align with shareholder expectations.
5. Tax Implications: Consider the tax implications of dividend payments for both the company and its shareholders. Different jurisdictions may have varying tax rates and regulations that impact the attractiveness of dividend payouts.
6. Financial Flexibility: Assess the company's need for financial flexibility and liquidity. Retaining earnings can strengthen the company's financial position and provide flexibility during challenging times or for strategic initiatives.
7. Dividend Stability: Evaluate the company's historical dividend track record and its ability to maintain consistent dividend payments. A stable dividend history can enhance investor confidence and attract long-term shareholders.
Based on a thorough analysis of these factors, the appropriate dividend policy for Antrak plc can be determined. It may involve adopting a stable dividend policy, initiating a dividend payout for the first time, increasing or decreasing dividend payments, or implementing a more flexible policy based on specific circumstances.
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Which of the following best describes why late twentieth-century communist command economies declined?
Government economic decision-making was inefficient and wasteful.
What was the initial
The decline of communist command economies was the result of a combination of factors, including inefficiencies in decision-making, a lack of competition, the failure of central planning, and political factors such as corruption and authoritarianism.
The decline of late twentieth-century communist command economies can be attributed to a combination of factors.
One of the main reasons for their decline was the inefficiency and wastefulness of government economic decision-making.
In a command economy, the government makes all major economic decisions, including what goods to produce, how much to produce, and at what price to sell them.
This system is often criticized for its lack of incentives, which can lead to a lack of innovation, low productivity, and poor-quality goods.
In addition to inefficiencies in decision-making, command economies were also plagued by a lack of competition.
Since the government controlled all major industries, there was no competition to drive innovation or improve efficiency. This lack of competition led to a stagnant economy with little growth and development.
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a formal review of a company's endeavors in social responsibility
True, The combination of socially responsible commitment endeavours a company elects to pursue" is the appropriate response business in a way that is sustainable on all three fronts economically, socially.
A firm engages in voluntary activities and initiatives known as corporate social responsibility (CSR). A CSR strategy is a course of action that specifies the socially conscious initiatives a business chooses to undertake in order to achieve.
Its goals and objectives while taking into account its influence on stakeholders and society at large.Initiatives including philanthropy, environmental sustainability, moral business conduct, community development, and employee involvement are frequently included in CSR strategies. By enhancing the company's reputation, fostering its relationships with stakeholders, boosting employee morale, and advancing society as a whole, these activities can be advantageous to both the business and society.
Complete question:
a formal review of a company's endeavors in social responsibility. This statement is True or false?
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European call option with an exercise price of $35 that expires in 6 months for $1283, and 1 European put option on the same stock with the same exercise price and expiration date for $9.95. Such a portfolio is called a straodie. Part 1 Attempt 1/2 for 10 pts What is your profit from buying the call if the stock price is $20 in 6 months in Sy? 1 decima Submit Part 2 Attempt 1/2 for 10 pts. What is your profit from buying the put if the stock price is $50 in 6 months in S12 1 decima Submit Part 3 Attempt 1/2 for 10 pts What is your total profit if the stock price is $100 in 6 months (in $y? 1+ decima Submit Part 4 Attempt 1/2 for 10 pts. What is the lowest stock price at which you break even?
The profit from buying the call, if the stock price is $20 in 6 months, would be -$9.95. The profit from buying the put, if the stock price is $50 in 6 months, would be -$1,283. The total profit if the stock price is $100 in 6 months would be $90.05. The lowest stock price at which you break even is $30.95.
Part 1:
If the stock price is $20 in 6 months, the call option would not be exercised as the stock price is below the exercise price of $35. Therefore, your profit from buying the call would be -$1283, which represents the initial cost of purchasing the option.
Part 2:
If the stock price is $50 in 6 months, the put option would not be exercised as the stock price is above the exercise price of $35. Therefore, your profit from buying the put would be -$9.95, which represents the initial cost of purchasing the option.
Part 3:
If the stock price is $100 in 6 months, both the call and put options would be exercised. For the call option, your profit would be the difference between the stock price and the exercise price, minus the initial cost of the call option.
So, the profit from the call option would be ($100 - $35) - $1283 = $-1218. For the put option, it would expire worthless since the stock price is above the exercise price, so the profit would be -$9.95.
Part 4:
To break even, the total profit should be zero. Considering the previous calculations, to determine the lowest stock price at which you break even, we need to find the stock price that makes the sum of the profits from the call and put options equal to zero.
In this case, it would be the stock price at which ($Stock Price - $35) - $1283 - $9.95 = 0. Solving for the stock price, we find $Stock Price = $1327.95.
In summary, the profit from buying options in a straddle strategy depends on the stock price at expiration. If the stock price is below the exercise price, the call option expires worthless, resulting in a loss equal to the initial cost of the call option.
If the stock price is above the exercise price, the put option expires worthless, resulting in a loss equal to the initial cost of the put option. The total profit depends on the specific stock price. The lowest stock price at which you break even is calculated by finding the stock price that makes the sum of the call and put option profits equal to zero.
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Speculating on a company's credit risk, an investor should purchase (protection buyer) a credit default swap if they expect the company's credit risk to deteriorate.
True/False ?
The statement is true: an investor should purchase a credit default swap (as a protection buyer) if they expect the company's credit risk to deteriorate.
in the context of credit default swaps (cds), a protection buyer purchases a cds contract to protect against the credit risk of a specific company or entity. the protection buyer is essentially speculating on the deterioration of the company's credit risk.
if an investor expects the company's credit risk to deteriorate, they anticipate a higher likelihood of default or credit events. by purchasing a credit default swap, the protection buyer seeks to mitigate the potential losses that may arise from such credit events.
a credit default swap (cds) is a financial derivative instrument that allows investors to buy or sell protection against the default or credit risk of a specific entity, such as a company or a government. it operates as a form of insurance contract, where the protection buyer pays periodic premiums to the protection seller in exchange for compensation in the event of a credit event, such as default or bankruptcy.
when an investor purchases a cds as a protection buyer, they are essentially speculating on the deterioration of the entity's credit risk. if the investor expects the creditworthiness of the entity to decline, they anticipate a higher likelihood of the entity defaulting on its debt obligations.
by purchasing a cds, the protection buyer seeks to hedge or protect against potential losses that may arise if the entity defaults. in the event of a credit event, the protection buyer can claim compensation from the protection seller, which typically involves a payment equivalent to the face value of the debt instrument or a predetermined settlement amount.
it's important to note that the purchase of a cds does not require the investor to hold any underlying debt instruments of the entity. the cds is a separate financial contract that allows investors to speculate on or protect against credit risk independently.
investors and financial institutions use credit default swaps for various purposes, including managing credit exposure, hedging against credit risk, or taking speculative positions on the creditworthiness of entities.
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jmm stock is trading at 30.75. jmm jul 25 calls are trading at a premium of7. what is the time value of the jmm jul 25 calls? a. $575 b. $700 c. $125 d. $0
The correct answer is A) $575. To calculate the time value of the JMM Jul 25 calls, we need to use the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The model requires us to input the following variables:
The strike price of the option
The current price of the underlying stock
The risk-free interest rate
The volatility of the underlying stock
The time to expiration of the option
The dividend yield of the underlying stock
Given the information provided, we can calculate the time value of the JMM Jul 25 calls as follows:
First, we need to calculate the price of the underlying stock using the Black-Scholes formula:
Price of Stock = (d1 - d2) * sqrt(2 * T) / (S * (sigma * √(T))) + d2
where d1 is the dividend yield, d2 is the dividend payment at expiration, S is the current stock price, sigma is the volatility of the stock, and T is the time to expiration.
For the JMM Jul 25 calls, we can calculate the price of the underlying stock as follows:
Price of Stock = (0.3 - 0.2) * sqrt(2 * 0.25 / (100 * 0.3 * 0.015)) + 0.2
Price of Stock = 0.208
Next, we can calculate the time value of the option using the formula:
Time Value = (Strike Price - Price of Stock) / (Dividend Yield - Risk-Free Rate)
where the dividend yield and risk-free rate are assumed to be 0% and 2%, respectively.
Time Value = (100 - 0.208) / (0% - 2%)
Time Value = 0.792
Therefore, the time value of the JMM Jul 25 calls is $0.792.
The correct answer is A) $575.
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A taxpayer received $10,000 of wages, $400. in tips, and $500 gift from her mother. What is the amount of her earned income for purpose of the Earned Income Credit?
A. $10,000
B. $10,400
C.$10500
D. $10,900
Option B. The earned income for purpose of the Earned Income Credit includes wages and tips, but not gifts from family members. Therefore, the earned income in this scenario would be $10,000 + $400 = $10,400.
Earned income for the purpose of the Earned Income Credit includes wages, salaries, and tips received by the taxpayer for personal services they provided. Gifts, inheritances, and other unearned income are not included in earned income. In this scenario, the taxpayer received $10,000 in wages and $400 in tips, totaling $10,400 in earned income for the purpose of the Earned Income Credit. The $500 gift from her mother does not count as earned income.
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Question 1
Goldfinger inc. is a company exploiting a gold mine. Its share
is currently traded at $900. Suppose that the yield curve for
risk-free rates is flat at r =1% per year.
a) What is the no-arb
In the context of finance, "no-arb" refers to the concept of no-arbitrage. It implies that there are no risk-free opportunities for traders or investors to make a profit without taking on any risk.
In this scenario, if Goldfinger Inc.'s share is currently traded at $900 and the risk-free rate is flat at 1% per year, the no-arbitrage price for the share would be determined based on the present value of its future cash flows. By discounting the expected cash flows at the risk-free rate, the fair value of the share can be calculated, ensuring that there is no opportunity for riskless profit or arbitrage.
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Using the textbook, Strayer Library, and the Bachelor of Business Administration Library Guide, examine and explain two sources of outside equity financing and two sources of debt financing, that are available to entrepreneurs. Next, describe the source or sources you would use if you were creating a new company. Explain your rationale.
If I were creating a new company, I would utilize angel investors and bank loans as my sources of financing. Angel investors would provide not only capital but also valuable mentorship and industry connections.
Two sources of outside equity financing available to entrepreneurs are angel investors and venture capital firms. Angel investors are typically high-net-worth individuals who provide capital in exchange for ownership equity or convertible debt. They often invest in early-stage startups and provide not only financial support but also mentorship and expertise.
Venture capital firms, on the other hand, are professional investment companies that pool money from various sources and invest it in startups and high-growth potential companies in exchange for equity. They offer a higher level of financing and may provide additional resources, industry connections, and guidance.
Two sources of debt financing for entrepreneurs include bank loans and crowdfunding. Bank loans involve borrowing money from a financial institution with an agreement to repay the principal amount plus interest over a specified period.
Banks may require collateral and a good credit history, but they provide a more traditional and structured financing option. Crowdfunding, on the other hand, involves raising funds from a large number of individuals through online platforms. Entrepreneurs can offer rewards, equity, or debt in return for the funds received.
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Galt Industries is expected to generate free cash flows of $24 million per year, Galt has permanent debt of $80 million, a corporate tax rate of 40%, and an unlevered cost of capital of 12% and its cost of debt capital is 6%. The value of Galt's equity using the APV
method is closest to:
The value of Galt Industries' equity using the APV method is closest to $653.33 million.
To calculate the value of Galt Industries' equity using the APV (Adjusted Present Value) method, we need to consider the present value of the free cash flows, the tax shield from the interest on debt, and the value of the permanent debt.
Present Value of Free Cash Flows:
The free cash flows are expected to be $24 million per year indefinitely. Since the unlevered cost of capital is 12%, we discount the cash flows using this rate:
Present Value of Free Cash Flows = Free Cash Flows / Unlevered Cost of Capital
Present Value of Free Cash Flows = $24 million / 0.12
Present Value of Free Cash Flows = $200 million
Tax Shield from Debt:
The permanent debt of Galt Industries is $80 million, and the tax rate is 40%. We calculate the tax shield by multiplying the debt by the tax rate:
Tax Shield = Debt * Tax Rate
Tax Shield = $80 million * 0.40
Tax Shield = $32 million
To determine the present value of the tax shield, we discount it at the cost of debt capital, which is 6%:
Present Value of Tax Shield = Tax Shield / Cost of Debt Capital
Present Value of Tax Shield = $32 million / 0.06
Present Value of Tax Shield = $533.33 million
Value of Permanent Debt:
The value of permanent debt is already given as $80 million.
Finally, we calculate the value of Galt Industries' equity using the APV method:
Equity Value = Present Value of Free Cash Flows + Present Value of Tax Shield - Value of Permanent Debt
Equity Value = $200 million + $533.33 million - $80 million
Equity Value = $653.33 million
Therefore, the value of Galt Industries' equity using the APV method is closest to $653.33 million.
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