Answers
A fault is a planar crack or discontinuity in a mass of rock over which there has been substantial displacement brought on by motions of the rock mass. Limestone is formed after the fault occurred, hence option D is correct.
Calcite or dolomite, the calcium and magnesium carbonates, make up the majority of the sedimentary rock known as limestone. Small fossils, shell pieces, and other fossilized detritus are frequently found in its composition.
Faults are cracks in the earth's crust along which there is movement, thus limestone is formed after the fault occurred.
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Related Questions
enzymes
choose the answer you think is wrong
a: they are rapidly degraded during the reactions they
catalyze
b: they are globular proteins
c: they are highly specific molecules
d: they are protein catalysts
e: regulate the chemical reactions that take place in organisms
Answers
Explanation:
e: regulate the chemical reactions that take place in organisms
. How are the reactants represented in the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + O2
6CO2 + 6H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6 + 6H2O
Answers
Answer: The reactants in the chemical equation for photosynthesis are represented by the equation:
6CO2 + 6H2O
This equation shows that carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are the reactants involved in the process of photosynthesis.
Explanation:)
Albinism is an autonomous recessive condition. Which circle graph shows the genotype probability when an albino female mates with a male that is heterozygous for the albinism trait?
Answers
The circle graph that would show the organism that is hete---rozygous is option H.
What is hete---rozygous?An individual is said to be heter---ozygous if they have two distinct alleles of the same gene. Having two distinct forms or variations of a gene at a particular locus on a pair of hom---ologous chromosomes is described as hete---rozygosity.
Alleles are several variations or alternate variants of a gene that can produce various traits or characteristics. An individual who is hete---rozygous inherits one allele from one parent and the other allele from the other parent.
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which is more of a threat to people acid rain or air pollution?
Answers
Answer:
A threat to the natural restorative nature of the water cycle is acid rain. Acid rain is caused by certain gas emissions in our atmosphere. Volcanoes release some of these gases naturally.
Explanation:
=)
An energy pyramid is shown below.
secondary
consumers
tertiary
consumers
primary
consumers
producers
What does the energy pyramid demonstrate?
OA. A great amount of energy is gained moving up the energy pyramid.
OB. Energy is not transferred between organisms in an ecosystem.
OC. The same amount of energy is available at every level of the energy pyramid.
OD. A great amount of energy is lost traveling up the energy pyramid.
Answers
The energy pyramid demonstrate a great amount of energy is lost traveling up the energy pyramid.
The energy pyramid demonstrates that as you move up from the producers (bottom level), which convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis, to the primary consumers (herbivores), to the secondary consumers (carnivores that eat herbivores), and finally to the tertiary consumers (carnivores that eat other carnivores), there is a decrease in available energy.
This is because energy is lost at each level through processes such as respiration, heat loss, and waste. Therefore, the top predators of an ecosystem have access to the least amount of energy.
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Why does London have mild temperatures and little snowfall rare if it's farther north that the contiguous U.S.?
Answers
What is the 2nd planet from the sun
Answers
Which phylum did you find the most animals (i.e., greatest number of different species)
for? Which phylum was the most difficult to find? Were there some phylum that you
could not find at all? How diverse do you think animals are in your region? Did you
consistently find certain animals in a specific type of microhabitat?
Answers
The phylum with the greatest number of different species: Generally, the Phylum Arthropoda (which includes insects, spiders, and crustaceans) has the highest number of species globally.
The difficult phyllumThe most difficult phylum to find: This would depend on the specific region and habitat. Some phyla like Porifera (sponges) or Echinodermata (starfish, sea urchins) might be hard to find in a terrestrial environment because they're primarily marine.
Phyla you could not find at all: This again would depend on your location. If you're not near a body of water, you're unlikely to find any members of the Phylum Cnidaria (jellyfish, corals, sea anemones) or Phylum Mollusca (squid, octopus, snails) for example.
Animal diversity: Diversity varies greatly depending on the region. Biodiversity hotspots, such as rainforests or coral reefs, have a high level of species diversity. Conversely, more extreme environments like deserts or polar regions have less diversity.
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Is the third lemur that tested negative for antibodies to T. gondii at risk of contracting toxoplasmosis?
What about other lemurs in the conspiracy? Why or why not?
Answers
We can see here that based on these considerations, the third lemur that tested negative for antibodies to T. gondii may still be at risk of contracting toxoplasmosis if it comes into contact with the parasite in the future.
What is an antibody?A specialized protein termed an antibody, commonly referred to as an immunoglobulin, is created by the immune system in reaction to the presence of foreign substances known as antigens.
In the immune response, antibodies are critical for locating, neutralizing, and getting rid of pathogens including bacteria, viruses, and other dangerous substances.
To determine the risk of contracting toxoplasmosis for the third lemur and other lemurs in the conspiracy, it's important to consider the following factors:
Antibody TestingSource of InfectionAs for other lemurs in the conspiracy, their risk of contracting toxoplasmosis would depend on their individual circumstances.
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A dietician asks a patient about the food that the patient eats and makes the table below to summarize the results.
Macromolecule
Suggested percentage of diet
Actual percentage of diet
Carbohydrates 45–65% 70%
Lipids 20–35% 5%
Proteins 10–35% 25%
Based on the table, what advice do you think that the dietician will give the patient?
The patient should increase the amount of lean meats (proteins) and decrease the amount of oils in his or her diet.
The patient should decrease the amount of lean meats (proteins) and increase the amount of oils in his or her diet.
The patient should decrease the amount of rice and pasta and increase the amount of oils in his or her diet.
The patient should decrease the amount of rice and pasta and increase the amount of lean meats (proteins) in his or her diet.
Answers
The shells of some marine snails are highly variable, with some snail shells, being solid colors, and others having stripes. Predation by birds is a major source of mortality for the snails. Scientist studying the snails found that wall 47% of the snow population was straight, 56% of the snails eaten by birds were striped. What could scientist conclude about the snails?
Answers
The solid shell snails will increase in population. this is due to the fact that 56 % of the striped snails are eaten by birds.
The shell on the back of the snail is called the exoskeleton. The exoskeleton is the hard outer shell of the snail. The shell is non-bony and does not aid in movement. It protects the shell from predators and damage.
As the eggs hatch, the baby snails emerge, already with their shells. At this stage, baby snails have colorless, soft, and delicate shells. The baby snails eat the egg from which they were hatched, as the egg contains calcium, which helps the snail's shell harden.
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31. A team of scientist traveled to the country of Mali to collect data on the human population.
These scientists collect birth rate, death rate, and migration data and discovered that the
population went through a rapid growth from 2000-2020. How might the scientist display this
demographic data? (L1)
a. Population Graph
b. Population Pyramid
c. Population Structure
d. Population Scales
Answers
A population pyramid is a good way to visualize the age and gender structure of a population. Option B
Why is a population pyramid most suitable?A population pyramid is a more detailed way to visualize the population of a country or region. It shows the population by age and gender, and it can be used to see how the population is changing over time.
For Mali, the scientists can be able to see that the population grew rapidly from 2000 to 2020. They would also be able to see that the population is younger now than it was in 2000. This is because the birth rate in Mali is higher than the death rate.
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How can local environmental changes have global effects? a. Organisms can move from one environment to another. b. Air and water move from region to region. Increased carbon dioxide in one location can cause increased temperatures in other locations. d. All of the above are true.
Answers
Local environmental changes can have global effects in a variety of ways. Organisms can move from one environment to another, which can impact ecosystems and food webs on a larger scale. For example, the introduction of non-native species into a new environment can disrupt the balance of that ecosystem and impact other ecosystems that are connected to it.
Air and water move from region to region through atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns, which can transport pollutants, nutrients, and other substances across long distances. For example, increased carbon dioxide emissions in one location can contribute to global climate change, which can affect temperatures and weather patterns around the world.
Therefore, local environmental changes can have far-reaching impacts on global systems and processes, highlighting the importance of considering the interconnectedness of the natural world and the potential consequences of human activities on a global scale.
Assignment debate on rainy season is better than dry season
Answers
This is an example of a debate on rainy season is better than dry season with the pros and cons of both seasons.
How to write a debate?Pro: Rainy Season is Better Than Dry Season
Rainy season is better than dry season because it provides much-needed water for plants and animals. It also helps to cool the air and reduce the risk of wildfires. Additionally, rainy season is a time for many plants to bloom, which can be a beautiful sight to behold.
Some of the benefits of rainy season:
Increased water supply: Rainy season provides much-needed water for plants and animals. This is especially important in areas that are prone to drought.
Cooler air: Rainy season helps to cool the air, which can be a relief from the heat of the summer.
Reduced risk of wildfires: Rainy season helps to reduce the risk of wildfires by keeping the ground moist.
Increased plant growth: Rainy season is a time for many plants to bloom. This can be a beautiful sight to behold and can also provide food for animals.
Con: Dry Season is Better Than Rainy Season
Dry season is better than rainy season because it is less likely to cause flooding and mudslides. It is also a time for many plants to go dormant, which helps to conserve water. Additionally, dry season is a good time for farmers to harvest crops.
Some of the benefits of dry season:
Less flooding and mudslides: Dry season is less likely to cause flooding and mudslides because there is less water in the ground.
Plants go dormant: Many plants go dormant during dry season, which helps to conserve water.
Good time for farming: Dry season is a good time for farmers to harvest crops because the ground is dry and hard.
Conclusion
Rainy season and dry season both have their own benefits and drawbacks. Ultimately, the best season depends on the individual's needs and preferences. If you are looking for a season with plenty of water and cooler temperatures, then rainy season is the better choice.
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List the names of five fortified food items and nutrients with which they are fortified.
Answers
Five examples of fortified food items and the nutrients they are fortified with are fortified milk, fortified breakfast cereal, fortified margarine, fortified orange juice, fortified pasta
Fortified food items are those that have been added with specific nutrients to increase their nutritional value.
1) Fortified milk: Milk is fortified with calcium to promote strong bones and teeth as well as with vitamin D to help in calcium absorption and to support bone health.
2) Fortified breakfast cereal: Breakfast cereals are fortified with iron to prevent iron deficiency, and B vitamins such as thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid to support overall health.
3) Fortified margarine: Margarine is fortified with vitamin A which is important for good vision and immune function.
4) Fortified orange juice: Orange juice is fortified with vitamin C which is important for a healthy immune system.
5) Fortified pasta: Some types of pasta are fortified with folic acid which is important for cell growth and development during pregnancy.
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Here are five examples of fortified food items and the nutrients they are fortified with.
Fortified Milk: Fortified with Vitamin D and Calcium.
Fortified Cereal: Fortified with various vitamins and minerals, such as B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12), iron, and folic acid.
Fortified Orange Juice: Fortified with Vitamin C and sometimes with added calcium.
Fortified Margarine: Fortified with Vitamin A and Vitamin D.
Fortified Bread: Fortified with B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6) and sometimes with added iron.
Therefore, it's important to note that there are many other fortified food items available in the market, and the specific nutrients they are fortified with may vary. The purpose of fortification is to enhance the nutritional value of the food and provide essential nutrients that may be lacking in the diet.
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Where does the oxygen that is released by the plant come from?
Answers
I hope this helps! ;)
Treppe illustrates which of the following?
O Peristalsis
O Tetanus
O Isometric contractions
O Recruitment of motor units
Answers
Treppe is a medical name for the gradually intensifying contractions that occur when a sequence of identical stimuli are applied to a muscle at rest.
Thus, This means that if you continually activate a muscle at the same intensity, the muscle will eventually become stronger as a result of an increase in calcium availability brought on by the constant stimulation and stimuli.
When the heart rate increases, this treppe effect occurs in the heart muscle to raise the myocardial tension.
Most animals have muscles, which are soft tissues that provide force and motion. Actin and myosin, two essential proteins, are the major proteins found in muscle filaments and treppe.
Thus, Treppe is a medical name for the gradually intensifying contractions that occur when a sequence of identical stimuli are applied to a muscle at rest.
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group of students is walking in the park, and one of them takes a picture of a pollen grain that is being blown by the wind. What caption can the student use for this picture?
gene mutation in action
gene flow at work
genetic drift as it happens
natural selection in progress
Answers
Answer:The answer is "gene flow at work."
Explanation:
Whoever helps me asap and gives the best answer I will mark as brainliest!Part 2: David’s Physical Condition
At his trial, David’s defence argued that his behaviour had not been under his control. Shortly before his behaviour changed, David had accidentally been exposed to a high concentration of an organophosphate pesticide called carbaryl. Carbaryl is a substance that can have an effect on the nervous system. In fact, it behaves similarly to many nerve gasses (chemical weap-ons that exert their effect by impairing the functioning of the nervous system). Carbaryl works by affecting the way that brain cells communicate with each other. This communication occurs at synapses,little gaps at the junctions of nerve cells. Neurones (nerve cells) release chemicals to send signals across the gap. These chemicals are called neurotransmitters. After it has been released, the neurotransmitter is broken down to prevent it from stimulating the post-synaptic neurone for any longer than necessary. Carbaryl prevents the breakdown of a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine (ACh). Exposure to high doses of carbaryl causes ACh to build up in the brain and other parts of the nervous system. One of the many parts of the brain that uses ACh is a structure called the hypothalamus. This structure is important in a huge range of behaviours including eating, drinking, sex, and aggression. Electrical stimulation of specific parts of the hypothalamus can cause a rat to show signs of rage and attack behavior. David’s defence argued that the carbaryl to which he had been exposed had affected the functioning of his hypothalamus. A small provocation would have started the parts of the hypothalamus associated with attack behaviours to start firing. However, because of the carbaryl, they would not have been able to stop, leading to uncontrolled rage and aggression.
Discussion Questions:
• Based on the evidence provided, do you think David is morally responsible
for his crime?
• What possible environmental influences may have incited David to act as he did?
• Why do you think the jury believed the prosecution in spite of the defence’s
argument?
• How does this case affect your views on the nature versus nurture debat
Answers
1. Determining moral responsibility in cases like these can be complex. While David's defense argued that his behavior was a result of the exposure to carbaryl, the concept of moral responsibility takes into account the ability to understand the consequences of one's actions and to make choices accordingly.
If David's exposure to carbaryl significantly impaired his ability to control his behavior and make rational decisions, it could potentially diminish his moral responsibility for the crime.
However, the assessment of moral responsibility is subjective and can depend on legal, ethical, and societal perspectives.
2. The primary environmental influence highlighted in this scenario is David's accidental exposure to the high concentration of carbaryl, an organophosphate pesticide.
Carbaryl, by affecting the communication between brain cells, particularly in the hypothalamus, may have disrupted the normal functioning of David's brain and influenced his behavior.
However, it's worth noting that other environmental factors, such as upbringing, social influences, previous experiences, and stressors, could also play a role in shaping an individual's behavior.
3. The jury might have found the prosecution's case more convincing due to factors such as:
a) Counter Arguments or lack of sufficient evidence presented by the defense.
b) Bias or preconceived notions of the jury members.
c) The prosecution's ability to present a compelling narrative and connect the evidence to David's actions.
d) The jury's limited understanding of the complexities of neurobiology and the effects of substances like carbaryl on behavior.
4. The nature versus nurture debate centers around the relative influence of genetic factors (nature) and environmental factors (nurture) in shaping an individual's traits, behaviors, and actions.
This case highlights the significant impact of an environmental factor, namely the exposure to carbaryl, on David's behavior.
It suggests that environmental influences, in this case, chemical exposure, can have profound effects on neural functioning and subsequent behavior.
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Portion of the central nervous system of a human Write down the LETTER ONLY of the part which: 4.1 Regulates heartbeat and breathing rate 1.4.2 Coordinates movement while walking 14.3 interprets what you see Has its hemispheres connected by the corpus callosun 1.4.5 Controls balance and equilibrium
Answers
Regulates heartbeat and breathing rate: Medulla oblongata, Coordinates movement while walking: Cerebellum.
Regulates heartbeat and breathing rate - The part of the CNS responsible for regulating heartbeat and breathing rate is the medulla oblongata.
Coordinates movement while walking - The coordination of movement while walking is primarily controlled by the cerebellum.
Interprets what you see - The interpretation of visual information occurs in the occipital lobe of the brain.
Controls balance and equilibrium - The control of balance and equilibrium is regulated by the vestibular system, which consists of structures located in the inner ear.
Thus, these different portions of the central nervous system work together to regulate various physiological functions, interpret sensory information, coordinate movement, and maintain overall balance and equilibrium in the body.
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In the late 19th century, Giovanni Schiaparelli observed the planet Mars with a telescope. He detected lines across the surface of Mars, which he called
"channels." This word was translated into English as "canals." Then, the astronomer Percival Lowell drew maps depicting a fake Martian civilization. Later
observations with better telescopes showed that there are no canals on Mars. How was scientific knowledge of Mars open to change?
O A New evidence could also be interpreted as canals.
8. New evidence showed Martian civilization was possible.
OC. New evidence did not support the earlier interpretations of observations.
OD. New evidence was insufficient to confirm or deny the earlier observations.
Answers
Answer:
oPtion C is correct.
Explanation:
Scientific knowledge is open to change because it is based on the systematic and ongoing process of observation, experimentation, and analysis. As new evidence becomes available, scientists reassess their theories and hypotheses to align with the most accurate and current understanding of the subject.
In the case of Giovanni Schiaparelli's observations of Mars, his initial interpretation of the lines on the planet's surface as "channels" was later translated into English as "canals." Percival Lowell further popularized this idea by drawing maps depicting a fictional Martian civilization with a network of canals.
However, as technology improved and more detailed observations of Mars were made with better telescopes, it became clear that there were no actual canals on the planet. The new evidence did not support the earlier interpretations of observations, indicating that the existence of Martian canals was a misinterpretation or a product of human imagination.
This example demonstrates how scientific knowledge can evolve and change based on new evidence that challenges or contradicts previous ideas. It highlights the importance of critical evaluation, rigorous experimentation, and openness to revising theories in the face of new information.
In one area of the rainforest, there are 5 different species of bats. Bat 1 has extra large ears and excellent hearing, bat 2 has a long snout, bat 3 has fang−like sharp teeth, bat 4 has sharp claws and bat 5 has extra large eyes. Most likely, these bats once belonged to the same species.
Answers
False. The unique attributes of each of the 5 different bats suggest that they are of different species.
What are species?The presence of distinct and unique characteristics among the five different bat species suggests that they likely belong to different species rather than being variations of a single species.
Each bat species has specific adaptations (such as extra large ears, long snout, sharp teeth, sharp claws, and extra large eyes) that are specialized for their specific ecological niche and evolutionary history.
These unique adaptations indicate that these bats have undergone different evolutionary paths and likely belong to different species rather than being variations of a single species.
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Which type of energy is created by splitting atoms?
A. Fusion
B. Geothermal
C. Fission
D. Tidal
Answers
Atomic fission is the process through which energy is produced. The right answer is C.
Atomic splitting produces a particular form of energy known as fission. It is a nuclear process in which a huge quantity of energy is released along with the splitting of an atom's nucleus into two or more smaller nuclei.
In fission, neutrons are used to hit heavy atomic nuclei, such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239, creating an unstable nucleus.
Then, this nucleus splits into two or more smaller nuclei, releasing more neutrons and a substantial amount of energy in the process.
Thus, the correct option is C.
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According to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the number of babies born in the United States in 2020 fell 4% to about 3.6 million.
Answers
The decline in the number of babies born can be attributed to the Covid-19 pandemic but also to general demographic trends.
How can this change be explained?The decline in the number of babies born in the United States in 2020 can be attributed to several factors:
COVID-19 Pandemic: Due to uncertainty and changes in many atmospheres including job losses many people reconsider having a baby during this time.Demographic trend: In the last decades, fewer people have children due to more education, and changes in ideas about motherhood, among others.Note: This question is incomplete; here is the missing information:
How can this decline be explained?
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Offer a possible evolutionary explanation for how the bones of animal limbs can have a similar
structure, but very different functions.
Answers
The bones of animal limbs that are similar in structure but have different functions are called homologous structures and are explained through divergent evolution.
What are homologous structures?
Homologous is a word derived from the Greek words - 'Homo' and 'logos' meaning 'same ratio or proportion'. Homologous structures are ones that have similar structures, features, traits, and/or characteristics. In animals, this refers to mostly the body parts such as bones and limb structures.
When it comes to evolutionary biology, homologous structures help map back the ancestors and form possible connections to other animals across species.
When it comes to homologous structures it is referred to as divergent evolution. Divergent evolution involves organisms that seem to have come from the same ancestor but evolved to adapt to their surroundings changing the functions of their similar body structures.
Common examples of homologous structures are the structures of the limbs of humans and a cat.
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What are the steps of Meiosis in order starting with DNA being replicated?
1 New Cells are Diploid
2 New Cells are Haploid
3. 4 unidentical gametes are created
4. 2 identical daughter cells are created
5. DNA condenses and the nucleus dissolves
6. Sister chromatids line up on either side of the metaphase plate
7. Homologous chromosomes are split and move to opposite sides of the cell
8. Sister chromatids are split and move to opposite sides of the cell
9. Homologous chromosomes line up on either side of the metaphase plate
10. The nucleus reforms, chromosomes decondense, and cytokinesis splits the cells apart
Steps of Meitosis:
1. DNA is replicated
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Thanks so much!
Answers
Answer: New cells are Haploid, 4 unidentical gametes are created, DNA condenses and the nucleus dissolves
Explanation: Those are the characteristics of the meiosis they create diversity and haploid cells
How does the structure of the nerve cell help accomplish it’s function
Answers
Answer: by sending chemicals, called neurotransmitters, across a small area between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another. This tiny space that allows for information exchange is called a synapse.
please i need help please
Answers
For Oxygen Content in Blood during Circulation:
The large rectangle represents the heart.The numbers on the model represent the percentage of oxygen in the blood.No, the oxygen content in the blood does not stay constant throughout the circulation of the blood. The blood picks up oxygen in the lungs and loses oxygen in the tissues.Between leaving the right side of the heart and arriving back at the left side of the heart, the amount of oxygen in the blood has decreased.Between leaving the left side of the heart and arriving back at the right side of the heart, the amount of oxygen in the blood has increased.What makes up the heart?The large rectangle represents the heart. The heart is divided into four chambers: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle. The right atrium and right ventricle make up the right side of the heart, and the left atrium and left ventricle make up the left side of the heart.
The numbers on the model represent the percentage of oxygen in the blood. The blood on the right side of the heart has a lower percentage of oxygen than the blood on the left side of the heart. This is because the blood on the right side of the heart has just returned from the tissues, where it has lost oxygen.
The blood on the right side of the heart goes to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen. The blood then goes to the left side of the heart, and from there it is pumped to the tissues. The tissues use the oxygen in the blood, and the blood then returns to the right side of the heart to start the cycle again.
The model shows that the amount of oxygen in the blood changes as it travels through the body. The blood picks up oxygen in the lungs and loses oxygen in the tissues. This is why it is important to have a healthy circulatory system. A healthy circulatory system ensures that the blood can deliver oxygen to all parts of the body.
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Which statements are true about bacteria? Choose the three that apply
Answers
The statement that is true is that;
Bacteria grows fastest when they are warm. Option C
What about bacteria?Temperature, pH, and nutrient availability are just a few of the numerous circumstances that bacteria can thrive and reproduce in. However, generally speaking, bacteria tend to thrive at a particular temperature range, known as the optimal growth temperature.
Many bacteria that are frequently found in food or the environment tend to develop at their quickest between 20 and 45 degrees Celsius (68 to 113 degrees Fahrenheit), although individual bacteria have varied ideal growth temperatures.
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Missing parts;
Which one of these statements about bacteria is true?
A. All types of bacteria give food poisoning
B. Freezing makes food last longer by killing bacteria
C. Bacteria grows fastest when they are warm
D. All bacteria need air to survive
Within any given ecosystem, there are fewer_________ than _________ due to the progressive loss of energy at higher trophic levels.
Answers
Within any given ecosystem, there are fewer organisms at higher trophic levels than at lower trophic levels due to the progressive loss of energy.
Energy flow in a n ecosystemIn an ecosystem, energy flows through different trophic levels, which represent different positions in the food chain. the trophic levels include primary producers (plants or algae), primary consumers (herbivores), secondary consumers ( carnivores or omnivores that feed on herbivores), and tertiary consumers (top predators that feed on other carnivores).
At each trophic level, energy is transferred from one organism to another through feeding interactions. however energy is not efficiently converted or transferred from one trophic level to the next. As energy moves up the food chain, there is a progressive loss of energy due to metabolic processes, heat loss, and inefficiencies in energy transfer.
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